Adaptación a la población española de un instrumento de juicios moralesla batería de dilemas morales de Moore

  1. Carmona Perera, Martina
  2. Caracuel, Alfonso
  3. Verdejo García, Antonio
  4. Pérez García, Miguel
Journal:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Year of publication: 2013

Volume: 29

Issue: 3

Pages: 827-835

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.29.3.137801 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Anales de psicología

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

The cognitive and emotional neuropsychological processes un-derlying moral judgments are the focus of groundbreaking research in un-derstanding moral cognition. The aim of this study is to adapt to Spanish the moral dilemmas battery of Moore. This battery presents a set of moral dilemmas from a utilitarian choice (assuming an emotionally aversive be-haviour for a higher benefit) and a non-utilitarian choice. The study in-volved 154 university students who were given the Spanish version of Moore.s battery. We researching three types of dilemmas: moral-personal (oneself performs the aversive action, increasing the emotional charge), impersonal-moral (the action is carried out indirectly, decreasing the emotional charge) and non-moral. The dependent variables were the proportion of affirmative answers, which reflect utilitarian choices, and the perceived difficulty to produce the judgments. The results showed good psychometric properties and significant differences in the proportion of af-firmative answers and the difficulty depending on the type of dilemma, the moral-personal dilemmas generated fewer utilitarian choices and judgments with more difficulty. In conclusion, the Spanish version of Moore's bat-tery allows measuring reliably the moral judgments, discriminating be-tween different patterns of choice depending on the emotional charge, so it is postulated as a potentially useful instrument for assessing popula-tions with impaired decision-making related to emotional processing

Bibliographic References

  • Anderson, S., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D. y Damasio, A. (1999). Impairment of social and moral behaviour related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 1032-1037.
  • Bartels, D. M. y Pizarro, D. A. (2011). The mismeasure of morals: Antisocial personality traits predict utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas. Cognition, 121 (1), 154-61.
  • Blair, A., Mortoton, J., Leonard, A. y Blair, R. (2006). Impaired decisionmaking on the bais of both rexard and punishment information in individuals with psychopathy. Elsevier, 41, 155-165.
  • Bond, T. G. y Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the Rasch model: fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Routledge.
  • Casebeer, W. D. (2003). Moral cognition and its neural constituents. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, 840-846.
  • Chang, L. J., Smith, A., Dufwenberg, M. y Sanfey, A. G. (2011). Triangulating the neural, psychological, and economic bases of guilt aversion. Neuron, 70, 560-572.
  • Cortés-Pascual, A. (2002) La contribución de la psicología ecológica al desarrollo moral. Un estudio con adolescentes, Anales de Psicologia, 18 (1), 111-134.
  • Fernández-Pinto, I., López-Pérez, B. y Márquez, M. (2008). Empatía: Medidas, teorías y aplicaciones en revisión. Anales de Psicología, 24(2), 284-298.
  • Fisher, W. J. (1992). Reliability Statistics. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 6(3), 238.
  • Goldberg, E. (2001). The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Grande-García, I. (2009). Neurociencia social: El maridaje entre la psicología social y las neurociencias cognitivas. Revisión e introducción a una nueva disciplina. Anales de Psicología, 25(1), 1-2.
  • Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M. y Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293, 2105-2108.
  • Greene, J. D. y Haidt, J. How (and where) does moral judgment work? (2002). Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 517-23.
  • Greene, J. D. (2003). From neural "is' to moral "ought': what are the moral implications of neuroscientific moral psychology? Nature Reviews Neuros- cience, 4, 846-849.
  • Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M. y Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 44, 389-40.
  • Greene, J. D. (2007) Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian? A dualprocess theory of moral jugment explain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(8), 322-323.
  • Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral Judgment. Psychological Review, 108(7), 804-834.
  • Haidt, J., Rosenberg, E. y Hom, H. (2003). Differentiating diversities: moral diversity is not like other kinds. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 1-36.
  • Hauser, M., Cushman, F., Young, L., Jin, R. y Mikhail, J. (2007). A dissociation between moral judgments and justifications. Mind & Language, 22, 1-21
  • Heekeren, H. R., Wartenburger, I., Schmidt, H., Schwintowski, H. P. y Villringer, A. (2005). Influence of bodily harm on neural correlates of semantic and moral decision-making. Neuroimage, 24, 887-897.
  • Kahane, G. y Shackel, N. (2010). Methodological Issues in the Neuroscience of Moral Judgement. Mind & language, 25(5), 561-582.
  • Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Hauser, M. y Damasio, A. (2007). Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements. Nature, 447(7138), 808-911.
  • Luo, Q. y Blair, R. (2006). The neural basis of implicit moral attitude-and IAT study using event-related FMRI. Neuroimage, 30, 1449-1457.
  • McGuire, J., Langdon, R., Coltheart, M. y Mackenzie, C. (2009). A reanalysis of the personal/impersonal distinction in moral psychology research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 577-58.
  • Mendez, M. F. (2006). What frontotemporal dementia reveals about the neurobiological basis of morality. Medical Hypotheses, 67(2), 411-418.
  • Moll, J., Oliveira-Souza, R., Bramati, I. E. y Grafman, J. (2002). Functional networks in emotional moral and nonmoral social judgments. Neuroimage 16, 696-703.
  • Moll, J., Oliverira-Souza, R., Moll, F. T, Ignacio, F. A. (2005). The moral affiliations of disgust: a functional MRI study. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 18, 68-78.
  • Moll, J., Zahn, R., Oliveira-Souza, R., Kruger, I. y Grafman, J. (2005). Opinion: The neural basis of human moral cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 799-809.
  • Moore, A., Clark, B. y Kane, M. (2008). Who Shalt Not Kill? Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity, Executive Control and Moral Judgment. Psychological science, 6(19), 549-557.
  • Nosek, B., Banaji, M. y Greenwald, A. (2002). Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration website. Group Dynamics, 6 (1), 101-115.
  • Oliveira-Souza, Bramati I y Grafman J. (2002). Functional networds in emocional moral and nonmoral social judgements. Neuroimage, 16, 696-703.
  • Preston, S., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Grabowski, T., Stansfield, R., Mehta, S. y Damasio, A. (2007), The Neural Substrates of Cognitive Empathy. Social Neuroscience, 2(3-4), 254-275.
  • Rilling, J. K y Sanfey, A. G. (2011). The neuroscience of social decisionmaking. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 62, 23-48.
  • Sánchez-Navarro, J. P y Román, F. (2004). Amígdala, corteza prefrontal y especialización hemisférica en la experiencia y expresión emocional. Anales de Psicologia, 20(2), 223-24.
  • Smith, R. M., y Miao, C. Y. (1994). Assessing unidimensionality for Rasch measurement. Objective Measurement: Theory into Practice (Wilson, M., Vol. 2, pp. 316-327). Norwood NJ: Ablex.
  • Tennant, A. y Conaghan, P. G. (2007). The Rasch measurement model in rheumatology: What is it and why use it? When should it be applied, and what should one look for in a Rasch paper? Arthritis Care and Research, 57(8), 1358-1362.
  • Tennant, A. y Pallant, J. F. (2006). Unidimensionality Matters! Rasch Measurement Transactions, 20(1), 1048-51.
  • Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Pérez-Sayez, G., Erekatxo-Bilbao, M. y Pelegrín-Valero, C. (2007). ¿Qué es la teoría de la mente? Revista de Neurología, 44(8), 479-489.
  • Vant Wout, M. y Sanfey, A. G. (2011). Interactive decision-making in people with schizotypal traits: A game theory approach. Psychiatry Research, 185 (1), 92-96.
  • Vélez, A., Chayo-Dichi, R., Arias, N., Castillo, G. y Ostrosky-Solís, F. (2003). Emociones morales: Una batería para su medición. Revista Neuropsicologia, Neuropsiquatría y Neurociencias, 5, 189-199.
  • Verdejo-García, A. y Bechara, A. (2010). Neuropsicología de las funciones ejecutivas. Psicothema, 2(22), 227-235.
  • Volkow, N. D., Baler R. D. y Goldstein, R. Z. (2011). Addiction: pulling at the neural threads of social behaviors. Neuron, 69(4), 599-602.
  • Young, L., Cushman, F., Hauser, M. y Saxe, R. (2007). The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment. PNAS, 104 (20), 8235-824.
  • Young, L. y Koenigs, M. (2007). Investigation emotion in moral cognition: a review of evidence form functional neuroimaging and neurpsychology. British Medical Bulletin, 84, 69-79.
Data source: Dialnet