Impacto de la motivación, percepción y autoconcepto de niñas jugadoras de fútbol en contextos multiculturalesun estudio en Melilla
- Javier Ventaja-Cruz 1
- Jesús Manuel Cuevas Rincón 1
- Virginia Tejada-Medina 1
- Ricardo Martín-Moya 1
- Raquel Portillo Sánchez 1
-
1
Universidad de Granada
info
ISSN: 1579-1726, 1988-2041
Year of publication: 2024
Issue: 60
Pages: 632-642
Type: Article
More publications in: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación
Abstract
Women's football has grown in popularity and audience over the last decade, although research on female players is still limited. There is a growing interest in psychological resilience, team dynamics and motivational factors unique to women's football. The aim of the present study was to analyse the motives and psychosocial factors that drive a group of girls to play football and their relationship with socio-economic, cultural and religious aspects. The research design corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty-five federated football girls, belonging to different female football teams and clubs in the Autonomous City of Melilla. The study was carried out using the ‘Sports Motivation Scale-II’ (SMS-II), the ‘Form 5 Self-Concept Questionnaire’ (AF-5) and the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Scale’ (IMI). The results indicate that the perception of football as an activity has a greater impact on girls' motivation than other variables such as religion and self-concept. This effect is due to the fact that the perception of football is reinforced by experiences on the playing field, together with factors such as social support, enjoyment and personal success. On the other hand, the data show that the variable age has negative effects on sport motivation, indicating that as age increases, both interest in the game and intrinsic motivation decrease, which in turn reduces continuity in sport practice. The study reveals that perception of the activity is the main factor motivating girls to play football, followed by psychological and social benefits that increase their self-efficacy and social acceptance. Factors such as religion and positive self-concept also contribute to motivation, although to a lesser extent. However, motivation tends to decrease with age, highlighting the importance of creating personalised approaches to maintain girls' sport motivation over time.
Bibliographic References
- Almagro, B. J., Sáenz-López, P., Fierro-Suero, S., & Conde, C. (2020). Perceived performance, intrinsic motivation and adherence in athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249441
- Alonso Seoane, M. J. (2019). Género y religión: A la búsqueda de un modelo de análisis. Aposta: Revista de Ciencias Socia-les, 82, 124–137.
- Barnicle, S. P., & Burton, D. (2016). Enhancing Collegiate Women’s Soccer Psychosocial and Performance Outcomes by Promoting Intrinsic Sources of Sport Enjoyment. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 15(4), 678. /pmc/articles/PMC5131222/
- Barreira, J., Amaro, A. S., Borges, K., Luque, L. L., & Fernandes, P. T. (2022). Internal consistency of the Sport Moti-vation Scale-II Questionnaire in the Brazilian context: potentialities and limitations. Motriz. Revista de Educacao Fisica, 28. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-657420220010721
- Bentler, P. M. (2007). On tests and indices for evaluating structural models. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 825-829. https://doi.org/10.10.16/j.paid.2006.09.024
- Boone, E. M., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2006). Game on: Diminishing risks for depressive symptoms in early adolescence through positive involvement in team sports. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00122.x
- Brustad, R. J. (1993). Who Will Go Out and Play? Parental and Psychological Influences on Children’s Attraction to Physical Activity. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5(3), 210–223. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.3.210
- Burgueño, R., Medina-Casaubón, J., Morales-Ortiz, E., Cueto-Martín, B., & Sánchez-Gallardo, I. (2017). Educación Deportiva versus Enseñanza Tradicional: Influencia sobre la regulación motivacional en alumnado de Bachillerato. Cuadernos de Psicología Del Deporte, 17(2), 87–98.
- Calle Cabezas, R., Aguirre Pluas, C. M., Calle Cabezas, J. A., & Izquierdo Cevallos, D. R. (2022). Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory versión española en una población multiocupacional ecuatoriana. Sapienza. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 776–785. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v3i1.261
- De Meester, A., Maes, J., Stodden, D., Cardon, G., Goodway, J., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2016). Identifying pro-files of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(21), 2027–2037. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1149608
- Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination the-ory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62(1), 119–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00797.x
- Demetriou, Y., Reimers, A. K., Alesi, M., Scifo, L., Borrego, C. C., Monteiro, D., & Kelso, A. (2019). Effects of school-based interventions on motivation towards physical activity in children and adolescents: Protocol for a sys-tematic review. Systematic Reviews, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1029-1
- Drury, S., Stride, A., Fitzgerald, H., Hyett-Allen, N., Pylypiuk, L., & Whitford-Stark, J. (2022). “I’m a Referee, Not a Female Referee”: The Experiences of Women Involved in Football as Coaches and Referees. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.789321
- Du, H., King, R. B., & Chi, P. (2017). Self-esteem and subjective well-being revisited: The roles of personal, relational, and collective self-esteem. PLoS ONE, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183958
- Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psycholog-ical and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(98). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
- Elosua Oliden, P., & Zumbo, B.D. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20(4), 896–901. Retrieved from www.psicothema.com
- Elosua, P., & Muñiz, J. (2010). Exploring the Factorial Structure of the Self-Concept. European Psychologist, 15(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000006
- Esnaola, I., Rodríguez, A., & Goñi, E. (2011). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de Autoconcepto AF5. Anales de psicología, 27(1), 109-117. Retrieved from http://revistas.um.es/analesps
- Ford, P. R., Hodges, N. J., Broadbent, D., O’Connor, D., Scott, D., Datson, N., Andersson, H. A., & Williams, A. M. (2020). The developmental and professional activities of female international soccer players from five high-performing nations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1432–1440. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1789384
- García, F., & Musitu, G. (2014). AUTOCONCEPTO FORMA 5 (4a edición). Madrid: TEA.
- González-Montesinos, M. J. & Backhoff, E. (2010). Validación de un cuestionario de contexto para evaluar sistemas educativos con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Relieve, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.7203/relieve.16.2.4133
- Hopkins, C. S., Hopkins, C., Kanny, S., & Watson, A. (2022). A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Sport Participation among Adolescent Females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3353. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063353
- Isorna Folgar, M., Rial Boubeta, A., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2014). Motivaciones para la práctica deportiva en escola-res federados y no federados. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 25, 80–84. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i25.34485
- Kelly, E., Liston, K., Dowd, K., & Lane, A. (2023). A Review of the Impact of Sporting Role Model-Led Interventions on Physical Activity and Sport Participation of Female Youth. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1123/WSPAJ.2023-0010
- Klomsten, A. T., Skaalvik, E. M., & Espnes, G. A. (2004). Physical Self-Concept and Sports: Do Gender Differences Still Exist?. Sex Roles, 50(2).
- Kock, N. (2014). Advanced Mediating Effects Tests, Multi-Group Analyses, and Measurement Model Assessments in PLS-Based SEM. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 10(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014010101
- Martín Álvarez, C., & Diéguez Hidalgo, X. (2012). El proceso de la percepción y su especialización en la actividad de-portiva. Efdeportes.com. Revista Digital, 17(172). Retrieved from https://efdeportes.com/efd172/la-percepcion-en-la-actividad-deportiva.htm
- Martínez, R., Molinero, O., Jiménez, R., Salguero, A., Tuero del Prado, C. E., & Márquez, S. (2008). La motivación para la práctica en la iniciación al fútbol: influencia de la edad/categoría competitiva, el tiempo de entrenamiento y la relación con el entrenador. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 93, 46–54.
- McAuley, E. D., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413
- Midgley, C., Debues-Stafford, G., Lockwood, P., & Thai, S. (2021). She Needs to See it to be it: The Importance of Same-Gender Athletic Role Models. Sex Roles, 85(3-4), 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01209-y
- Morano, M., Robazza, C., Ruiz, M. C., Cataldi, S., Fischetti, F., & Bortoli, L. (2020). Gender-typed sport practice, physical self-perceptions, and performance-related emotions in adolescent girls. Sustainability, 12(20), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208518
- Muñiz, J. (2010). Las teorías de los tests: Teoría clásica y teoría de respuesta a los ítems. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 57-66. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10651/10994
- Murray, R. M., Koulanova, A., & Sabiston, C. M. (2022). Understanding Girls’ Motivation to Participate in Sport: The Effects of Social Identity and Physical Self-Concept. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.787334
- Ogidan Rotimi, J., Onifase Olasunkanmi, A., & Ologele, I. (2013). Social Cultural Factors Influencing Women’s Partic-ipation in Sports as Perceived by Female Students of the University of Ilorin. Makerere Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v4i2.3
- Paul, R. W., Sonnier, J. H., Johnson, E. E., Hall, A. T., Osman, A., Connors, G. M., Freedman, K. B., & Bishop, M. E. (2023). Inequalities in the Evaluation of Male Versus Female Athletes in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(12), 3335–3342. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465221131281
- Pettersen, S. D., Adolfsen, F., & Martinussen, M. (2022). Psychological factors and performance in women’s football: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 32(S1), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14043
- Pineda-Espejel, H. A., Alarcón, E., López-Ruiz, Z., Trejo, M., & Chávez, C. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Motivación en el Deporte revisada (SMS-II) adaptada al español hablado en México. RICYDE: Revista Inter-nacional de Ciencias Del Deporte, 12(44), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04402
- Pinto-Escalona, T., Valenzuela, P. L., Esteban-Cornejo, I., & Martínez-de-Quel, Ó. (2022). Sport Participation and Academic Performance in Young Elite Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315651
- Randell, R. K., Clifford, T., Drust, B., Moss, S. L., Unnithan, V. B., De Ste Croix, M. B. A., Datson, N., Martin, D., Mayho, H., Carter, J. M., & Rollo, I. (2021). Physiological Characteristics of Female Soccer Players and Health and Performance Considerations: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine, 51(7), 1377–1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01458-1
- Rizopoulos, D. (2006). Ltm: An R Package for latent variable modeling and item response analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 17(i05). http://hdl.handle.net/10.18637/jss.v017.i05
- Ruiz-Esteban, C., Olmedilla, A., Méndez, I., & Tobal, J. J. (2020). Female soccer players’ psychological profile: Differ-ences between professional and amateur players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124357
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contem-porary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
- Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsi-cally motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15(3), 185–205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995170
- Sabiston, C. M., Pila, E., Vani, M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2019). Body image, physical activity, and sport: A scoping review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.010
- Sauleda Martínez, L. A., Gavilán Martín, D., & Martínez Benítez, J. (2021). La brecha de género en el deporte: El caso de una marginación histórica y socialmente consentida. Interdisciplinaria, 38(2), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.16888/INTERD.2021.38.2.5
- Schumacher Dimech, A., & Seiler, R. (2011). Extra-curricular sport participation: A potential buffer against social anx-iety symptoms in primary school children. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(4), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.03.007
- Shields, N., & Synnot, A. (2016). Perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity for children with disability: A qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0544-7
- Soriano, G., Ramis, Y., Cruz, J., & Sousa, C. (2014). Un Programa de Intervención Individualizado con Entrenadores de Fútbol. Cuadernos de Psicología Del Deporte, 14(3), 99–106.
- Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(78). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
- Usán Supervía, P., Salavera Bordás, C., Murillo Lorente, V., & Merino Orozco, A. (2018). Relación conductual de la motivación y el autoconcepto físico en el consumo de drogas de adolescentes deportistas. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 33, 40–45. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.53306
- Valenti, M., Scelles, N., & Morrow, S. (2018). Women’s football studies: An integrative review. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 8(5), 511–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-09-2017-0048
- Wang, Q., Zainal Abidin, N. E., Aman, M. S., Wang, N., Ma, L., & Liu, P. (2024). Cultural moderation in sports im-pact: exploring sports-induced effects on educational progress, cognitive focus, and social development in Chinese higher education. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01584-1
- Wicker, P., Breuer, C., & Dallmeyer, S. (2023). The gender earnings gap among elite athletes in semi-professional sports. Managing Sport and Leisure, 28(6), 583–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.1944819
- Zhao, Y., Zheng, Z., Pan, C., & Zhou, L. (2021). Self-Esteem and Academic Engagement Among Adolescents: A Mod-erated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.690828
- Zhu, Z. T., & He, B. (2012). Smart Education: A new realm of educational informatization. Research on Audio-Visual Edu-cation, 12, 5-13.