El diseño de tareas para el aprendizaje de las habilidades en el fútbol de iniciaciónuna aplicación desde las perspectivas cognitiva y ecológica

Résumé

The main objective of this Thesis was to analyse the effect of two teaching programs (tactical approach, TGfU model and NLP), for learning the technical-tactical skills of football, in the context of sports initiation. To do this, we tried to analyze their influence on decision making and execution, and if there were differences in groups of athletes with different levels of sport expertise. The study sample was composed of high school students and footballers in training stages. The dependent variables were decision making and execution, measured through the GPET observation instrument (García-López et al., 2011). The results obtained show, after the application of intervention program (tactical approach), significant differences in favor of the experimental group. Specifically, the results show favorable results in the pass action, and not in the dribling action. Finally, the group of players with low level of sport expertise did not obtain favorable results after this program, while the low level group did it. Therefore, this research has shown a positive relationship between the application of teaching programs, both from the cognitive perspective and from the ecological perspective, and the improvement of technical-tactical actions in athletes in formative stages. On the other hand, these findings emphasize the importance of adapting the teaching-learning methodology to the type of action to be worked on and the complexity of the tasks to the level of expertise of athletes.