Condición física, distribución grasa y salud en escolares aragoneses (7 a 12 años)

  1. José Antonio Casajús Mallén
  2. Francisco Bartolomé Ortega Porcel
  3. Germán Vicente Rodriguez
  4. María Teresa Leiva
  5. Luis A. Moreno Aznar
  6. Ignacio Ara Royo
Revista:
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

ISSN: 1577-0354

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 12

Número: 47

Páginas: 523-537

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

Resumen

La condición física, adiposidad y distribución grasa observadas en la infancia, han mostrado tener relación con la salud cardiovascular en la edad adulta. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de condición física en escolares de 7 a 12 años y su relación con niveles saludables de condición aeróbica y distribución grasa. Se valoraron 1068 niños y niñas aragoneses de 7-12 años de edad. Se evaluó la condición física con la batería Eurofit y el grado de adiposidad y distribución grasa mediante antropometría. Se obtienen valores normativos de condición física. Un 9,1% de los chicos y 4,8% de las chicas presenta riesgo fututo de salud sobre la base de su condición aeróbica. Mejor condición aeróbica se asocia con cantidades significativamente menores de grasa subcutánea total y en el tronco. Es importante incorporar la evaluación del nivel de condición física y distribución grasa en la valoración del riesgo de salud desde edades tempranas

Referencias bibliográficas

  • BLAIR SN, KOHL HW, PAFFENBARGER RS, JR., CLARK DG, COOPER KH, GIBBONS LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. Jama.1989; 262:2395-2401.
  • MYERS J, PRAKASH M, FROELICHER V, DO D, PARTINGTON S, ATWOOD JE. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med.2002; 346:793-801.
  • WARBURTON DE, NICOL CW, BREDIN SS. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Cmaj.2006; 174:801-809.
  • CASTILLO GARZON MJ, ORTEGA PORCEL FB, RUIZ RUIZ J. Improvement of physical fitness as anti-aging intervention]. Med Clin (Barc).2005; 124:146-155.
  • ORTEGA FB, RUIZ JR, CASTILLO MJ, SJOSTROM M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes (Lond).2008; 32:1-11.
  • ARA I, MORENO LA, LEIVA MT, GUTIN B, CASAJUS JA. Adiposity, physical activity, and physical fitness among children from Aragon, Spain. Obesity (Silver Spring).2007; 15:1918-1924.
  • ORTEGA FB, RUIZ JR, HURTIG-WENNLOF A, SJOSTROM M. [Physically active adolescents are more likely to have a healthier cardiovascular fitness level independently of their adiposity status. The European youth heart study]. Rev Esp Cardiol.2008; 61:123-129.
  • EISENMANN JC. Aerobic fitness, fatness and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr.2007; 96:1723-1729.
  • BOREHAM C, TWISK J, NEVILLE C, SAVAGE M, MURRAY L, GALLAGHER A. Associations between physical fitness and activity patterns during adolescence and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Int J Sports Med.2002; 23 Suppl 1:S22-26.
  • FERREIRA I, HENRY RM, TWISK JW, VAN MECHELEN W, KEMPER HC, STEHOUWER CD. The metabolic syndrome, cardiopulmonary fitness, and subcutaneous trunk fat as independent determinants of arterial stiffness: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Arch Intern Med.2005; 165:875-882.
  • TWISK JW, KEMPER HC, VAN MECHELEN W. The relationship between physical fitness and physical activity during adolescence and cardiovascular disease risk factors at adult age. The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Int J Sports Med.2002; 23 Suppl 1:S8-14.
  • GARCIA-ARTERO E, ORTEGA FB, RUIZ JR, MESA JL, DELGADO M, GONZALEZ-GROSS M, et al. Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study). Rev Esp Cardiol.2007; 60:581-588.
  • GUTIN B, JOHNSON MH, HUMPHRIES MC, HATFIELD-LAUBE JL, KAPUKU GK, ALLISON JD, et al. Relationship of visceral adiposity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white teens. Obesity (Silver Spring).2007; 15:1029-1035.
  • REXRODE KM, CAREY VJ, HENNEKENS CH, WALTERS EE, COLDITZ GA, STAMPFER MJ, et al. Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women. Jama.1998; 280:1843-1848.
  • NORTON K, OLDS T. Anthropometrica. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1996
  • EUROPE CO. Eurofit: handbook for the Eurofit test of physical fitness. Rome: Council of Europe, 1988
  • LEGER LA, MERCIER D, GADOURY C, LAMBERT J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci.1988; 6:93-101.
  • INSTITUTE TC. FITNESSGRAM test administration manual. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1999, 38-39.
  • COLE TJ, GREEN PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: the LMS method and penalized likelihood. Stat Med.1992; 11:1305-1319.
  • CURETON KJ, WARREN GL. Criterion-referenced standards for youth health-related fitness tests: a tutorial. Res Q Exerc Sport.1990; 61:7-19.
  • ORTEGA FB, RUIZ JR, CASTILLO MJ, MORENO LA, GONZALEZGROSS M, WARNBERG J, et al. [Low level of physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. Relevance for future cardiovascular health (AVENA study)]. Rev Esp Cardiol.2005; 58:898-909.
  • BAR-OR O. Physiologic Responses to Exercise of the Healthy Chid. In: Pediatrics Sports Medicine for the Praticioner. From Physiologic Principles to Clinical Applications New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983, pp. 1-65.
  • TOMKINSON GR, LEGER LA, OLDS TS, CAZORLA G. Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980-2000): an analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries. Sports Med.2003; 33:285-300.
  • MALINA RM. Physical fitness of children and adolescents in the United States: status and secular change. Med Sport Sci.2007; 50:67-90.
  • CASAJUS JA, LEIVA MT, VILLARROYA A, LEGAZ A, MORENO LA. Physical performance and school physical education in overweight Spanish children. Ann Nutr Metab.2007; 51:288-296.
  • EKELUND U, FRANKS PW, WAREHAM NJ, AMAN J. Oxygen uptakes adjusted for body composition in normal-weight and obese adolescents. Obes Res.2004; 12:513-520.
  • ORTEGA FB, RUIZ JR, HURTIG-WENNLOF A, VICENTE-RODRIGUEZ G, RIZZO NS, CASTILLO MJ, et al. Cardiovascular fitness modifies the associations between physical activity and abdominal adiposity in children and adolescents. The European Youth Heart Study. Br J Sports Med.2008.
  • ROSS R, KATZMARZYK PT. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with diminished total and abdominal obesity independent of body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.2003; 27:204-210.
  • ARA I, VICENTE-RODRIGUEZ G, JIMENEZ-RAMIREZ J, DORADO C, SERRANO-SANCHEZ JA, CALBET JA. Regular participation in sports is associated with enhanced physical fitness and lower fat mass in prepubertal boys. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.2004; 28:1585-1593.
  • ARA I, VICENTE-RODRIGUEZ G, PEREZ-GOMEZ J, JIMENEZRAMIREZ J, SERRANO-SANCHEZ JA, DORADO C, et al. Influence of extracurricular sport activities on body composition and physical fitness in boys: a 3-year longitudinal study. Int J Obes (Lond).2006; 30:1062-1071.
  • JANSSEN I, KATZMARZYK PT, ROSS R, LEON AS, SKINNER JS, RAO DC, et al. Fitness alters the associations of BMI and waist circumference with total and abdominal fat. Obes Res.2004; 12:525-537.