Efecto de un programa de supervisión reflexiva, en entrenamiento, sobre las variables cognitivas en jugadoras de voleibol

Zusammenfassung

INTRODUCTION: In team sports, cognitive variables have a fundamental relevance (Macquet, 2009). Regarding the decision-making process, the greater and more varied the knowledge is, the better the decision-making of the athlete will be and the greater the level of sport expertise will be demostrated (Nielsen & McPherson, 2001). Due to the importance of cognitive variables on sport performance, the aim or this research was to analyze the effects of an intervention program, based on reflection and the use of video-feedback, on procedural knowledge and decision-making in spike in volleyball. METHOD: The study sample was composed of 8 volleyball players distributed in two groups: experimental (n=4) and control (n=4). The independent variable was mentoring through reflection, in real time, based on the analysis of the decision through the use of video-feedback. The dependent variables were: procedural knowledge and decision-making. The procedural knowledge is identified as �Know how�. This knowledge includes the representation of tactical problems, and planning strategies to resolve them. The procedural knowledge was evaluated through verbal report of McPherson (2000) analyzing three levels: conceptual content, conceptual sophistication and conceptual structure. Decision-making is defined as the action selection among alternatives (Tenenbaum, 2004). Decision-making was evaluated through GPAI (Oslin et al., 1998), adapted to spike action by Moreno et al. (2011). RESULTS: The experimental group, with regard to control group, significantly improved in: problem representation (total conditions, p=.017; appropriate condition with two features, p=.029; triple-concept linkages, p=.017); planning strategies (total conditions, p=.038; triple-concept linkages, p=.013) and decision-making (p=.015). DISCUSSION: The intervention program applied in real time and based in the analysis and video-feedback is an effective tool for development of the cognitive variables with athletes in formative stages. This type of intervention, both in training and competition, is essential to optimize the tactic behavior in actions with high speed of execution, as the spike in volleyball (Kenny et al., 2006; Moreno et al., 2011).