Adsorbentes carbonosos a partir de materiales de desecho de origen industrialpreparación, caracterización y aplicaciones

Abstract

In this Doctoral Thesis we propose experimental methods that allow the recycling of polymeric waste materials (NFU, rubber, PET, plastic, CV, plastic / rubber) by using them as starting materials in the preparation of carbonaceous materials (MCA) for Its use in the adsorption of solutes of organic and inorganic nature in aqueous solution. In the development of the work, the preparation of MCAs has been carried out from single component and two or three component systems by chemical methods and by physical methods. In the first case the acids HCl and HNO3 and a base like NaOH have been used and in the second case the thermal treatments have been carried out in an inert atmosphere of N2 and in the gasifying atmospheres of air, carbon dioxide and water vapor. For comparative purposes, commercial products such as carbon black, activated carbon and carbon fiber have also been used as adsorbents. MCAs, all or just selected samples, have been characterized in terms of chemical composition, porous texture and surface chemistry. As adsorbates in aqueous solution, highly toxic inorganic ions have been used in one and three component systems (Hg2 +, Pb2 +, Cr6 +, Cd2+) and organic molecules of great environmental importance (phenol, p-aminophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-chlorophenol and Methylene blue).