Estudio de los factores individuales e institucionales que influyen en el proceso de identificación, evaluación y explotación de oportunidades en el emprendimiento social híbrido

Abstract

The hybrid social entrepreneurship is an innovative formula that combines structural and organizational elements of the traditional / commercial entrepreneurship and from the not for profit social entrepreneurship. Despite the recent interest, there are important gaps in the literature regarding the hybrid social entrepreneur profile and the stages of this type of entrepreneurship process. To fill these gaps, this doctoral thesis establishes four research objectives: 1) analyze, both individually and comparative, the profile of the hybrid social entrepreneur; 2) identify the role of individual and institutional / contextual factors in the process of social hybrid entrepreneurship; 3) examine the nature of individual and institutional / contextual factors involved in the process of exploiting opportunities in the hybrid social enterprise; and 4) to study the degree of influence of individual and institutional / contextual factors in achieving social and economic goals of a hybrid social business. The objectives are given response thru an empirical research divided into two phases. First, the Delphi method is developed, with a panel of experts made up of 25 experts from Spain and Latin America, belonging to the academic field or an association / foundation supporting social entrepreneurship, and secondly a case study of four social hybrid enterprises. As the main results, it is important to highlight on the profile of hybrid social entrepreneur that this type of entrepreneur: a) in comparison with the traditional entrepreneur, a greater focus on personal values and less need for power / status and interpersonal relationships; b) regarding the social non-profit entrepreneur, higher levels of tolerance for uncertainty, risk appetite and cognitive ability; c) a real interest in opportunities that generate economic value but above all social value. On the role of the individual and institutional / contextual factors in the process of hybrid social entrepreneurship, it is achieved to identify that the hybrid social entrepreneur a) is guided more in the phase of identifying opportunities for factors with high social component, b ) at the stage of evaluating opportunities it attaches very similar to the factors of social and economic, and c) at the phase of opportunity exploitation, gives preference to the social objectives over the economic ones. On the role of individual and institutional factors / in achieving the objectives of social enterprise hybrid it stresses that the most influential are: a) in relation to individual factors, innovation and pro-activity are critical to achieving economic objectives, while the need for achievement is the factor most associated with the achievement of social objectives; b) in relation to the institutional / contextual factors it is noticed that factors related to industry structure and market influence to a greater extent in achieving the economic objectives, while factors related to political and economic environment and socio government -cultural have the greater impact in achieving social objectives.