Respuestas autonómicas reducidas ante estímulos emocionales en el alcoholismola relevancia de la impulsividad

  1. Martina Carmona-Perera 1
  2. Xavier Sumarroca-Hernández 2
  3. Angelina Santolaria-Rossell 2
  4. Miguel Pérez-García 1
  5. Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso 3
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Andorra
  3. 3 Departamento de Psicología. Universidad de Jaén
Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Año de publicación: 2019

Volumen: 31

Número: 3

Páginas: 221-232

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Resumen

La dependencia al alcohol está asociada con anormalidades en el procesamiento de las emociones y comportamientos impulsivos en la búsqueda de alcohol. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han analizado las respuestas emocionales hacia estímulos motivacionalmente relevantes en personas dependientes al alcohol usando medidas tanto autonómicas como subjetivas. En este estudio se analizó la tasa cardiaca (TC), la conductancia de la piel (CP) y las respuestas subjetivas a estímulos emocionales cotidianos en individuos dependientes al alcohol, y su asociación con la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol. La TC y la CP fueron registradas en 28 participantes dependientes al alcohol y en 31 participantes sanos durante la visualización pasiva de imágenes emocionales placenteras, desagradables y neutras. Posteriormente, los participantes evaluaron valencia, activación y dominancia de las imágenes y completaron la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt. Los participantes dependientes mostraron respuestas reducidas en TC y CP, tanto hacia las imágenes emocionales positivas como negativas. En el caso de la CP, estas respuestas se asociaron a la impulsividad. Los participantes dependientes al alcohol mostraron una disociación entre las respuestas fisiológicas y subjetivas, con unas respuestas autonómicas disminuidas y unas respuestas subjetivas normales. Estos resultados sugieren que los individuos dependientes al alcohol tienen problemas en utilizar el feedback fisiológico emocional al responder a estímulos emocionales relevantes, y proporcionan una evidencia inicial de la contribución de la impulsividad a los déficits de procesamiento emocional en esta población. Estos resultados son congruentes con el papel clave que juega la experiencia emocional y la impulsividad en el abuso de sustancias. Palabras clave: Dependencia al alcohol; Respuestas autonómicas; Rxperiencia emocional; Impulsividad; Tasa cardíaca; Conductancia de la piel.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aguilar de Arcos, F., Verdejo-García, A., Ceverino, A., Montañez-Pareja, M., López-Juárez, E., Sánchez-Barrera, M., …Pérez-García, M. (2008). Dysregulation of emotional response in current and abstinent heroin users: negative heightening and positive blunting. Psychopharmacology, 198, 159-166. doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1110-2.
  • Allsop, S., Saunders, B. y Phillips, M. (2000). The process of relapse in severely dependent male problem drinkers. Addiction, 95, 95-106. doi:10.1046/j.13600443.2000.9519510.x.
  • Barry, R. J. (2006). Promise versus reality in relation to the unitary orienting reflex: a case study examining the role of theory in psychophysiology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 62, 353-366. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.01.004.
  • Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R., McCarthy, R., Selikowitz, M., Rushby, J. A. y Ploskova, E. (2004). EEG differences in children as a function of resting-state arousal level. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 402-408. doi:10.1016/S13882457(03)00343-2.
  • Beck, A., Wustenberg, T., Genauck, A., Wrase, J., Schlagenhauf, F., Smolka, M. N., Mann, K. y Heinz, A. (2012). Effect of Brain Structure, Brain Function, and Brain Connectivity on Relapse in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 842-853. doi:10.1001/ archgenpsychiatry.2011.2026.
  • Bechara, A. (2005). Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: a neurocognitive perspective. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1458-1463. doi:10.1038/ nn1584.
  • Bechara, A. y Damasio, A. (2002). Decision-making and addiction (part I): impaired activation of somatic states in substance dependent individuals when pondering decisions with negative future consequences. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1675-1689. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00015-5.
  • Bjork, J. M., Hommer, D. W., Grant, S. J. y Danube, C. (2004). Impulsivity in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: relation to control subjects and type 1/type 2 like traits. Alcohol, 34, 133-150. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.06.012.
  • Bowden-Jones, H., Phillips, M., Rogers, R., Hutton, S. y Joyce, E. (2005). Risk-taking on tests sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction predicts early relapse in alcohol dependency: a pilot study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 17, 417-420. doi:10.1176/ jnp.17.3.417.
  • Bradley, M. M. y Lang P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 49-59. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9.
  • Brenner, S. L., Beauchaine, T. P. y Sylvers, P. D. (2005). A comparison of psychophysiological and self-report measures of BAS and BIS activation. Psychophysiology, 42, 108115. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00261.x.
  • Breversa, D., Noëla, X., Ermerb, E., Dabiria, D., Verbancka, P. y Kornreich, C. (2013). Unfairness sensitivity and social decision-making in individuals with alcohol dependence: A preliminary study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 772-775. doi.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.013.
  • Carmona-Perera, M., Clark, L., Young, L., Pérez-García, M. y Verdejo-García, A. (2014). Impaired decoding of fear and disgust predicts utilitarian moral judgment in alcohol-dependent individuals. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 38, 179-185. doi:10.1111/acer.12245.
  • Carmona-Perera, M., Reyes del Paso, G. A., Pérez-García, M. y Verdejo-García, A. (2013). Heart rate correlates of utilitarian moral decision-making in alcoholism.  Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 413-419. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.023.
  • Carou, M., Romero, E. y Luengo, M. A.(2017). Profiles of drug addicts in relation to personality variables and disorders. Adicciones, 29, 113-124. doi:10.20882/adicciones.889.
  • Chicharro, J., Pérez-García, A. M. y Sanjuán, P. (2011). Emotional responsiveness of substance abusers under outpatient treatment. Adicciones, 24, 59 -68.
  • Cyders, M. A. y Smith, G. T. (2008). Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 807-828. doi:10.1037/a0013341.
  • Cyders, M. A., Zapolski, T. C .B., Combs, J. L., Settles, R. F., Fillmore, M. T. y Smith, G. T. (2010). Experimental effect of positive urgency on negative outcomes from risktaking and on increased alcohol consumption. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 367-375.
  • Clark, D. B., Cornelius, J. R., Kirisci, L. y Tarter, R. E. (2005). Childhood risk categories for adolescent substance involvement: a general liability typology. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77, 13–21. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.008.
  • Danko, S. G., Gracheva, L. V., Boytsova, Y. A. y Solovjeva, M. L. (2011). Induction of emotional states by reading aloud texts with various emotional valences and changes in the EEG power in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Human Physiology, 37, 555-558. doi:10.1134/ S0362119711040062.
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1977). SCL-90–R: Administration, scoring and procedures Manual I for the revised version of other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scale series. John Hopkins University, Baltimore.
  • Dom, G., Wilde, B., Hulstijn, W., Brink, W. y Sabbe, B. (2006). Decision-making deficits in alcohol-dependent patients with and without comorbid personality disorder. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 16701677. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00202.x.
  • Dunn, B. D., Stefanovitch, I., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Hawkins, A. y Dalgleish, T. (2010). Can you feel the beat? Interoceptive awareness is an interactive function of anxiety-and depression-specific symptom dimensions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1133-1138. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.006.
  • Fein, G., Klein, L. y Finn, P. (2004). Impairment on a simulated gambling task in long-term abstinent alcoholics. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 1487-1491. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000141642.39065.9B.
  • Fernández-Serrano, M. J., Pérez-García, M., Schmidt Río-Valle, J. y Verdejo-García, A. (2010). Neuropsychological consequences of alcohol and drug abuse on different components of executive functions. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 24, 1317-1332. doi:10.1177/0269881109349841.
  • Ferguson, M. L. y Katkin, E. S. (1996). Visceral perception, anhedonia, and emotion. Biological Psychology, 42, 131145. doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05151-1
  • First, M. B., 2007. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IVTR Axis I Disorders: SCID-I. Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institutute, New York.
  • Fishbein, D., Hyde, C., Eldreth, D., London, E. D., Matochik, J., Ernst, M., …Kimes, A. (2005). Cognitive performance and autonomic reactivity in abstinent drug abusers and nonusers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 25-40. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.13.1.25.
  • Foisy, M.L., Kornreich, C., Fobe, A., D’Hondt, L., Pelc, I., Hanak, C., Verbanck, P. y Philippot, P. (2007). Impaired emotional facial expression recognition in alcohol dependence: do these deficits persist with midterm abstinence? Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 404410. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00321.x.
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. y McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-98.
  • Garfield, J. B., Allen, N. B., Cheetham, A., Simmons, J. G. y Lubman, D. I. (2015). Attention to pleasant stimuli in early adolescence predicts alcohol-related problems in mid-adolescence. Biological Psychology, 108, 43-50. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.03.014.
  • Gerra, G., Baldaro, B., Zaimovic, A., Moi, G., Bussandri, M., Raggi, M. A. y Bambrilla, F. (2003). Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally induced emotions among abstinent opioid-dependent subjects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71, 25-35. doi:10.1016/S03768716(03)00065-6.
  • Goldstein, R. Z. y Volkow, N. D. (2002). Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1642-1652. doi:10.1176/ appi.ajp.159.10.1642.
  • Handelsman, L., Stein, J. A., Bernstein, D. P., Oppenheim, S. E., Rosenblum, A. y Magura, S. (2000). A latent variable analysis of coexisting emotional deficits in substance abusers: alexithymia, hostility, and PTSD. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 423-428. doi:10.1016/S03064603(99)00010-6.
  • Hess, T. M. y Kotter-Grühn, D. (2011). Social knowledge and goalbased influences on social information processing in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 26, 792-802. doi:10.1037/a0023775.
  • Hudson, A., Jacques, S. y Stewart, S. H. (2013). Selective attention to emotional pictures as a function of gambling motives in problem and non-problem gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 1079-1091. doi: 10.1037/ a0031863.
  • Kaiser, A., Bonsu, J. A., Charnigo, R. J., Milich, R. y Lynam, D. R. (2016). Impulsive Personality and Alcohol Use: Bidirectional Relations over One Year. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77, 473-482. doi:10.15288/ jsad.2016.77.473.
  • Körner, N., Schmidt, P. y Soyka, M. (2015). Decision making and impulsiveness in abstinent alcohol-dependent people and healthy individuals: a neuropsychological examination. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 10, 24. doi: 10.1186/s13011-015-0020-7.
  • Kornreich, C., Philippot, P., Foisy, M. L., Blairy, S., Raynaud, E., Dan, …Verbanck, P. (2002). Impaired emotional facial expression recognition is associated with interpersonal problems in alcoholism. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 37, 394-400.
  • Kreusch, F., Vilenne, A. y Quertemont, E. (2013). Response inhibition toward alcohol-related cues using an alcohol go/no-go task in problem and non-problem drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 2520-2528. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.04.007.
  • Lacey, J. I. y Lacey, B. C. (1970). Some autonomic-central nervous system interrelationships. In: Black, P. (Ed.), Physiological Correlates of Emotion. Academic Press, New York, pp. 205-227.
  • Lambe, L., Hudson, A. y Stewart, S. H. (2015). Drinking motives and attentional bias to affective stimuli in problem and non-problem drinkers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 312-316. doi:10.1037/adb0000021.
  • Lang, P. J., Öhman, A. y Vaitl, D. (1988). The International Affective Picture System [Photographic Slides]. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology.
  • Lang, P. J., Greenwald, M. K., Bradley, M. M. y Hamm, A. O. (1993). Looking at pictures: affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology, 30, 261-273. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x.
  • Lang, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.50.5.372.
  • Lang, P. J. y Davis, M. (2006). Emotion, motivation, and the brain: Reflex foundations in animal and human research. Progress in Brain Research, 156, 3-29. doi:10.1016/ S0079-6123(06)56001-7.
  • Lole, L., Gonsalvez, C. J., Blaszczynski, A. y Clarke, A. R. (2012). Electrodermal activity reliably captures physiological differences between wins and losses during gambling on electronic machines. Psychophysiology, 49, 154163. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01290.x.
  • Lubman, D. I., Yücel, M., Kettle, J. W., Scaffidi, A., Mackenzie, T., Simmons, J. G. y Allen, N. B. (2009). Responsiveness to drug cues and natural rewards in opiate addiction: associations with later heroin use. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 205-212. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.522.
  • Lubman, D. I., Peters, L. A., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P. y Deakin, J. F. (2000). Attentional bias for drug cues in opiate dependence. Psychological Medicine, 30, 169-175. doi:10.1017/S0033291799001269.
  • Maurage, P., Campanella, S., Philippot, P., Martin, S. y Timary, P. (2008). Face processing in chronic alcoholism: a specific deficit for emotional features. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 32, 600-606. doi:10.1111/ j.1530-0277.2007.00611.x.
  • Mitchell, J. M., Fields, H. L., D’Esposito, M. y Boettiger, C. A. (2005). Impulsive responding in alcoholics. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 2158-2169. doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000191755.63639.4a.
  • Millon, T. y Davis, R. D. (1997). The MCMI-III: present and future directions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 6985. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6801_6.
  • Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherty, D. M., Schmitz, J. M. y Swann, A. C. (2001). Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2158, 1783-1793. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1783.
  • Moltó, J., Segarra, P., López, R., Esteller, A., Fonfría, A., Pastor, M. C. y Poy, R. (2013). Spanish adaptation of the “International Affective Picture System” (IAPS). Third part. Anals of Psicology, 29, 965-984.
  • Moselhy, H. F., Georgiou, G. y Kahn, A. (2001). Frontal lobe changes in alcoholism: A review of the literature. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 36, 357-368. doi:10.1093/alcalc/36.5.357.
  • Muller, S. E., Weijers, H. G., Boning, J. y Wiesbeck, G. A. (2008). Personality traits predict treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent patients. Neuropsychobiology, 57, 159164. doi:10.1159/000147469.
  • Najström, M. y Jansson, B. (2006). Unconscious responses to threatening pictures: interactive effect of trait anxiety and social desirability on skin conductance responses. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 35, 11-18. doi:10.1080/16506070510011566.
  • Naqvi, N. H. y Bechara, A. (2010). The insula and drug addiction: an interoceptive view of pleasure, urges, and decision-making. Brain Structure & Function, 214, 435450. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0268-7.
  • Nigg, J. T., Hinshaw, S. P. y Huang-Pollack, C. (2006). Disorders of attention and impulse regulation. In: Cicchetti, D., Cohen, D. (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology (pp. 358-403). New York: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470939406. ch9.
  • Ohannessian, C. M. y Hesselbrock, V. M. (2007). Do Personality Characteristics and Risk Taking Mediate the Relationship Between Paternal Substance Dependence and Adolescent Substance Use? Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1852-1862. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.017.
  • Palomba, D., Sarlo, M., Angrilli, A., Mini, A. y Stegagno, L. (2000). Cardiac responses associated with affective processing of unpleasant film stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, 45-57. doi:10.1016/S01678760(99)00099-9.
  • Park, S. Q., Kahnt, T., Beck, A., Cohen, M. X., Dolan, R. J., Wrase, J. y Heinz, A. (2010). Prefrontal cortex fails to learn from reward prediction errors in alcohol dependence. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 7749-7753. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-09.2010.
  • Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S. y Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 768-774. doi.10.1002/10974679(199511)51:6%3C768.
  • Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., Simmons, A. y Stein, M. B. (2004). Anterior cingulate activation in high trait anxious subjects is related to altered error processing during decision making.  Biological Psychiatry,  55, 11791187. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.023.
  • Petry, N. M. (2001). Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls. Psychopharmacology, 154, 243-250. doi:10.1007/s002130000638.
  • Roedema, T. M. y Simons, R. F. (1999). Emotion processing deficit in alexithymia. Psychophysiology, 36, 379-387. doi:10.1017/S0048577299980290.
  • Robbins, S .J. y Ehrman, R. N. (2004). The role of attentional bias in substance abuse. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3, 243-260. doi:10.1177/1534582305275423.
  • Robinson, T. E. y Berridge, K. C. (2001). Incentive-sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96, 103-114.
  • Robinson, T. E y Berridge, K. C. (2003). Addiction. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 25-53. doi:10.1046/j.13600443.2001.9611038.x.
  • Settles, R. E., Zapolski, T. C. B. y Smith, G. T. (2014). Longitudinal test of a developmental model of the transition to early drinking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 141151. doi:10.1037/a0035670.
  • Schmidt, A. F., Eulenbruch, T., Langer, C. y Banger, M. (2013). Interoceptive Awareness, Tension Reduction Expectancies and Self-Reported Drinking Behavior. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 48, 472-477. doi:10.1093/alcalc/ agt024.
  • Smith, G. T. y Cyders, M. A. (2016). Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 163, 3-12. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.038.
  • Sokolov, E. N. (1963). Higher Nervous Functions: The Orienting Reflex. Annual Review of Psychology, 25, 545580.
  • Stanford, M. S., Mathias, C. W., Dougherty, D. M., Lake, S. L., Anderson, N. E. y Patton, J. H. (2009). Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: An update and review. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 385-395. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.008.
  • Stephens, D. N. y Duka, T. (2008). Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 363, 3169-3179. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0097.
  • Tremayne, P. y Barry, R. J. (2001). Elite pistol shooters: physiological patterning of best vs. worst shots. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 19-29. doi:10.1016/S01678760(00)00175-6.
  • Uekermann, J. y Daum, I. (2008). Social cognition in alcoholism: a link to prefrontal cortex dysfunction? Addiction, 103, 726-735. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02157.x.
  • Verdejo-García, A., López-Torrecillas, Aguilar de Arcos, F. y Pérez-García, M. (2005). Differential effects of MPMA, cocaine, and cannabis use severity on distinctive components of the executive functions in polysubstance users: a multiple regression analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 89-101.
  • Verdejo-García, A., Bechara, A., Recknor, E. C. y Perez-Garcia, M. (2006). Executive dysfunction in substance de pendent individuals during drug use and abstinence: an examination of the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional correlates of addiction. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 405-415.
  • Verdejo-García, A., Rivas-Pérez, C., Vilar-López, R. y Pérez-García, M. (2007). Strategic self-regulation, decision-making and emotion processing in poly-substance abusers in their first year of abstinence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86, 139-146.
  • Verdejo-García, A., Lawrence, A. J. y Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 777-810. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.024.
  • Verdejo-García, A. y Bechara, A. (2009). A somatic marker theory of addiction. Neuropharmacology, 56, 48-62. doi.10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.035.
  • Verdejo-Garcia, A., Clark, L. y Dunn, B. D. (2012). The role of interoception in addiction: A critical review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1857-1869. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.007.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet