Aspectos neuropsicológicos del craving por la nicotina

  1. Muñoz García, Miguel Ángel
  2. Sanjuan, Rocío
  3. Fernández Santaella, María del Carmen
  4. Vila Castellar, Jaime
  5. Montoya Jiménez, Pedro José
Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 23

Número: 2

Páginas: 111-123

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.20882/ADICCIONES.154 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El craving se ha definido como la motivación de autoadministrarse una sustancia que previamente ha sido consumida. Se considera que el craving es responsable del consumo compulsivo de una sustancia, así como del alto nivel de recaídas después de periodos de abstinencia. Los estudios neuropsicológicos y de imagen cerebral han identificado numerosas regiones cerebrales implicadas en el craving. En este artículo se revisan los mecanismos neuropsicológicos implicados en el craving por la nicotina, centrándose en los tres sistemas involucrados en el craving. Primero, el sistema de recompensa, responsable del desarrollo de la dependencia y del craving. Segundo, el sistema emocional y asociativo que se relaciona con el craving condicionado. Tercero, el sistema implicado en la toma de decisiones y procesos cognitivos. Además, se revisa los modelos teóricos más influyentes, como los Modelos basados en el Condicionamiento, Modelos Cognitivo-Conductuales, Modelos Cognitivos y Modelo Neurobiológico. También se discuten otros aspectos relacionados con la evaluación y tratamiento del craving, haciendo énfasis en los aspectos clínicos. Como conclusión, se acentúa la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinar para lograr un modelo común del craving, así como para mejorar las herramientas diagnósticas y las estrategias de tratamiento. El craving se ha definido como la motivación de autoadministrarse una sustancia que previamente ha sido consumida. Se considera que el craving es responsable del consumo compulsivo de una sustancia, así como del alto nivel de recaídas después de periodos de abstinencia. Los estudios neuropsicológicos y de imagen cerebral han identificado numerosas regiones cerebrales implicadas en el craving. En este artículo se revisan los mecanismos neuropsicológicos implicados en el craving por la nicotina, centrándose en los tres sistemas involucrados en el craving. Primero, el sistema de recompensa, responsable del desarrollo de la dependencia y del craving. Segundo, el sistema emocional y asociativo que se relaciona con el craving condicionado. Tercero, el sistema implicado en la toma de decisiones y procesos cognitivos. Además, se revisa los modelos teóricos más influyentes, como los Modelos basados en el Condicionamiento, Modelos Cognitivo-Conductuales, Modelos Cognitivos y Modelo Neurobiológico. También se discuten otros aspectos relacionados con la evaluación y tratamiento del craving, haciendo énfasis en los aspectos clínicos. Como conclusión, se acentúa la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinar para lograr un modelo común del craving, así como para mejorar las herramientas diagnósticas y las estrategias de tratamiento.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet