Utilización de restos de cosecha en invernaderoImpacto del cambio de manejo sobre la calidad del suelo y la productividad de los cultivos

Resum

The intensification of the production modelin greenhouse,based on the applications of largedoses of irrigation and mineral fertilizers,and low or no organic matter inputs, has caused a loss of soil quality and a hugeenvironmental impactderived from nitrate leachingthat questions the sustainability of this production model. Added to this is the problem generated by the accumulation of hugeamountof organic waste, at the end of the season, which makes processing very difficult.To alleviate the above problems, while converting waste into resources, there is a need to move towards an alternative model that improves sustainability by improving soil quality, reducing dependence on external inputs, optimizing the use of own resourcesof the farmand reducing the environmental impact of agricultural activity, while maintaining or improving the marketcompetitiveness. In this Thesis, a greenhouse management package based on tillage with incorporation of horticultural crop residues and organic amendments, andminimum use of inorganic fertilizers (MM management package), using a conventional management package as control (C management package) was evaluated, and the short-term effectswereevaluated on (i) physical and biochemical indicators related to the main threats to soil quality in greenhouse, (ii) factors extrinsic to the soil such as volume of water and nitrates drained, and environmental conditions inside the greenhouse, and (iii) nutritional status and crop yield.The application of the MMmanagementpackage reduces soil compaction, improves infiltration by increasing macroporosity and aggregate stability, significantly (p<0.05) improves biochemical indicators related to organic fractions and biological activity, but increases the risk of salinization, so optimal irrigation management will be important; however, the volume of waterand nitrates drained decreases considerably, and therefore the risk of environmental contamination. In spite of the slight modifications of the soil and greenhouse airtemperatures, this management package maintains the nutritional parameters of the crop within the recommended limits, at the same time as the proportion of first quality productincreasesand discard decreases,which could positively influence the profitability obtained by the producer