Genética de los flujos poblacionales en el territorio que conformaba el reino de Granada

Abstract

After the characterization of all populations for the studied genetic markers, it has been able to determine the extremely high discrimination power of these markers, which makes it virtually impossible to find two people with the same genetic information. The rapid development of genotyping new technologies has increased the degree of detail with which one can infer the biogeographical origin of the samples. Possible future studies based on the analysis of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA coding region SNPs will allow a much better characterization of haplogroups. The characterization of a large number of AIM markers will lead to a better establishment of the origin of the population. As this study is an anthropological population study, it has been taken into account the geographical origin of the samples as well as the origin of three previous generations. It makes that data are not biased by recent migratory flows. To have in mind at least three generations residing in the study area helps to verify the population genetic structure, to interpret it correctly through improving the representativeness of the sample and to estimate more accurately the data of the observed genetic events. Generally, these data are not taken into account in forensic studies, in which studied individuals are residents of the study area and easily encompass individuals whose ancestors come from other areas. There have been many cultural traits that the people of the kingdom of Granada left in this region as evidenced by still used daily customs, names of towns and cities, expressions and words, architecture and gastronomy. However, as has been seen throughout all chapters, both the study of markers separately and their joint study indicates that the current population of the provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria has no significant genetic influence of the inhabitants of the ancient Kingdom of Granada compared to the rest of Spanish or southern Europe populations. After the Reconquest of the region by the Catholic Monarchs, the region was repopulated with entire families from the rest of the peninsula so effectively that any possible North African genetic influence was totally eliminated. The vast majority of the surnames present in the population show higher frequencies in the South of the Iberian Peninsula although they come from the North and the Center of the Peninsula. Both Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, clearly show big differences between the North African populations and the Spanish ones, more specifically with the studied population. Furthermore, the data obtained from the study of allelic frequencies and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups as far as genetic distances analysis claim that the current population of the provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria show no significant genetic influence of the inhabitants of the ancient Kingdom of Granada compared to other Spanish populations or southern Europe ones. Given that the territory occupied by the provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria was repopulated with a limited number of families from specific regions of the Iberian Peninsula, a large genetic variability observed among individuals studied is detected thanks to microevolution phenomena.