Métodos de análisis para el estudio de caracterización y deterioro de la obra de arte realizada en terracota policromada. Aplicación práctica

Abstract

This research is a part of the results obtained in the investigation project Terranica, HAR2012-39512, being one of its objectives to provide specific analytical techniques for the insight into the terracotta as main material for sculpture. The application of these methods may contribute decisively to insight into the composition, technology and the behavior over time of this material. This study shows different analytical studies ongoing on particular sculptures, actually under restoration treatments: we show the analytical techniques applied on the pieces, the results obtained, and their influence over the restoration treatments. The analytical techniques used are Computerized Radiology (CR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), High Resolution Scanning Electronic Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX), Hydric Tests (HT) and Mercury Injection Porosimetry (MIP). The conclusions obtained give us a better knowledge about the material and its alteration causes, also contributing to guide the restoration treatments.