Tratamientos psicológicos de las pesadillasuna revisión

  1. Miró Morales, Elena
  2. Martínez Narváez-Cabeza de Vaca, Pilar
Revista:
International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

ISSN: 1577-7057

Año de publicación: 2004

Volumen: 4

Número: 1

Páginas: 11-36

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

Resumen

Las pesadillas pueden constituir un fenómeno psicopatológico cuyo estudio científico empieza a adquirir gran relevancia, no solo por su significación como entidad clínica independiente, sino también por su estrecha relación con el trastorno por estrés postraumático. Como consecuencia de ello, en los últimos años, el interés por el abordaje terapéutico de las pesadillas se ha incrementado de forma notable. En el presente trabajo se exponen algunas de las principales cuestiones relativas a la conceptualización actual de las pesadillas y se lleva a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de los estudios empíricos sobre tratamiento psicológico de las mismas incluidos en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline (1966-febrero 2003). Las diversas técnicas de tratamiento propuestas para este trastorno se agrupan en técnicas conductuales (desensibilización sistemática y exposición), técnicas cognitivas (estrategias de modificación del contenido del sueño y de afrontamiento de la pesadilla), y técnicas de desactivación. Se describen cada uno de estos procedimientos y los principales hallazgos sobre su eficacia terapéutica. Finalmente, se señalan algunas cuestiones críticas que pueden afectar a la valoración de la eficacia de las terapias y que deben ser tenidas en cuenta por la investigación futura.

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