Las redes sociales directivas externas y la estrategia corporativa

  1. Fernández Pérez, Virginia
Revista:
Gestión Joven

ISSN: 1988-9011

Año de publicación: 2008

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Gestión Joven

Resumen

Este trabajo pretende aportar un punto de vista más amplio sobre el desarrollo de la toma de decisiones directiva relacionada con la elección e implantación de la estrategia corporativa, para lo que incorpora las redes sociales externas de los directivos como elemento explicativo del proceso, ya que son fuentes de información y referencias sociales muy importantes. Los contactos sociales pueden condicionar en gran medida el comportamiento estratégico de la organización y por tanto, su desempeño. En particular, se han estudiado varias de las dimensiones de la estructura de dichas redes para profundizar en sus efectos. Estas dimensiones son el tamaño y la fortaleza y tienen diferente incidencia sobre las distintas etapas del proceso de toma de decisiones, siendo más importante el tamaño para la captación de información y oportunidades de negocio, dando lugar a comportamientos emprendedores y estrategias proactivas; mientras que la fortaleza suele estar relacionada con estrategias más conservadoras. Y todo ello nos deja entrever la importancia de las redes sociales directivas en general y como una adecuada estructura puede ser determinante para el éxito empresarial.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alder, P. & Kwon, S. (1999): “Social capital: the good, the bad, the ugly”. Working Paper, Department of Management. University of Southern California.
  • Anderson, M. H. (2008): “Social networks and the cognitive motivation to realiza network opportunities: a study of manager’ information gathering behaviors”. Journal of Organization Behavior. Vol. 29, pp. 51-78.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986): The forms of capital, in J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Greenwood, New York. Pp. 241-258.
  • Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, L. (1992): An invitation to reflexive Sociology. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, IL.
  • Burt, R. S. (1983): Corporate profits and cooptation. Academic Press. New York.
  • Burt, R. S. (1992): Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA
  • Burt, R. S. (2000): “The network structure of social capital”. R.I. Sutton and B. M Straw (Eds.). Research in organizational behaviour. Vol. 22, pp. 345-423. JAI Press. Greenwich, CT.
  • Burt, R. S. (2004): “Structural holes and good ideas”. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 110, pp. 349-455.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988): “Social capital in the creation of human capital”. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 94, pp. 95-120.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1990): The foundations of social theory. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.
  • Cote, L., Langley, A. & Pasquero, J. (1999): “Adquisition strategy and dominant logic in engineering firm” The Journal of Management Studies. Vol.36 ,7, pp. 919-952.
  • Díez, E.P., Vázquez, A. & Díez, F. (2005): “Un modelo interpretativo de la lógica dominante en las organizaciones”.Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa. Vol. 11, Nº 1, pp. 77-93.
  • Dimaggio, P. J. & POWELL W. W. (1983): “The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields”. American Sociological Review. Vol. 48, pp. 147-160.
  • Eisenhardt, K. M. & Shoonhoven, C. B. (1996): “Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms”. Organization Science. Vol. 7, Nº 2, pp. 136-150.
  • Gabbay, S. M. & Leenders, R. Th. A. J. (1999): “CSC: The structure of advantage and disadvantage”. Roger Th. A. J. Leenders, Shaul M. Gabbay (Eds.), Corporate Social Capital and Liability. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Boston, MA. Pp. 1-14.
  • Galaskiewicz, J. (1985): “Interorganizational relations”. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 11, Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, CA. Pp. 281-304.
  • Gant, J., Ichniowski, C. & Shaw, K. (2002): “Social capital and organizational change in highinvolvement and traditional work organizations”. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Vol. 11, Nº 2, pp. 289-328.
  • García, V., Lloréns, F. J. & Verdú, A. J. (2007): “Influence of personal mastery on organizacional performance through organizacional learning and innovation in large firmas and SMEs”. Technovation. Vol 27, Nº. 9, pp. 547.
  • Geletkanycz, M. A., Boyd, B. K. & Finkelstein, S. (2001): “The strategic value of CEO external directorate networks: Implications for CEO compensation”. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 22, pp. 889-898.
  • Geletkanycz, M. A. & Hambrick, D. C. (1997): “The external ties of top executives: Implications for strategic choice and performance”. Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 42, Nº 4, pp. 654-681.
  • Granovetter, M. S. (1973): “The strength of weak ties”. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 78, pp. 1360-1380.
  • Granovetter, M. S. (1982): “The strength of weak ties. A network theory revisited”, en Peter V. Marsden y Nan Lin (Eds.), Social structure and network analysis, Beverly Hills, SAGE, 1982, pp. 105-130.
  • Granovetter, M. S. (1985): “Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness”. American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 91, pp. 153-162.
  • Granovetter, M. S. (2005): “The impact of social structure on economic outcomes”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 19, pp. 33-50.
  • Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000): “Strategic Networks”. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 21, pp. 203-215.
  • Hanssen-Bauer, J. & Snow, C. C. (1996): “Responding to hypercompetition: the structure and processes of a regional learning network organization”. Organization Science. Vol. 7, pp. 413-427.
  • Krackhardt, D. (1992): “The strength of strong ties: The importance of philos in organizations”, in N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and Organizations, form and action. Harvard Business School Press. Cambridge, MA. Pp. 216-239.
  • Macdonald, S. (1995): “Learning to change: An information perspective on learning I the organization”. Organization Science. Vol. 6, Nº. 5, pp. 557-568.
  • Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998): “Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage”. Academy Management Review. Vol. 23, pp. 242-266.
  • Obstfeld, D. (2005): “Social networks, the tertius lungens orientation, and involvemente in innovation”. Administrative Science Quarterly. Vol. 50, pp. 100-130.
  • Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G. R. (1978): The external control of organizations. Harper & Row. New York.
  • Portes, A. (1998): “Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 24, pp. 1-12.
  • Prahalad, C. K. & Bettis, R. A. (1986): “The dominant logic: a new linkage between diversity and performance”. Strategic Management Journal. Vol.7, Nº6, pp. 485-502.
  • Putman, R. (1993): “The prosperous community: social capital and public life”. The American Prospect. Vol. 13, pp. 35-42.
  • Rowley, T. J. (1997): “Moving beyong dyadic ties: a network theory of stakeholder influences”. Academy of Managemenr Review. Vol. 22, Nº4, pp. 887-910.
  • Sharma, S. (2000): “Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy”. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 43, Nº. 4, pp. 681-697.
  • Useem, M. (1984): The inner circle: Large corporations and business politics in the U.S. and U.K. market. Oxford University Press. New York.
  • Uzzi, B. (1996): “The resources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect”. American Sociological Review. Vol. 61, Nº4, pp. 674-698.
  • Walker, G., Kogut, B. & Shan W. (1997): “Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network”. Organization Science. Vol. 8, pp. 109-125.
  • Westphal, J. D. & Fredrickson, J. W. (2001): “Who directs strategic change? Director experience, the selection of new CEOs, and change in corporate strategy”. Strategic Management Journal. Vol. 22, pp. 1113-1137.
  • White, L. (2002): “Connection matters: exploring the implications of social capital and social networks for social policy”. System Research and Behavioural Science. Vol. 19, pp. 255-269.
  • Zaheer, A. & Zaheer, S. (1997): “Catching the wave: alertness, responsiveness, and market influence in global electronic networks”. Management Science. Vol.43, Nº11, pp. 1493-1509.