Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS)

  1. Sierra Freire, Juan Carlos
  2. Vallejo Medina, Pablo
  3. Santos Iglesias, Pablo
Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728 1695-2294

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 27

Número: 1

Páginas: 17-26

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Anales de psicología

Resumen

La asertividad sexual se refiere a la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear metodos anticonceptivos, desarrollando comportamientos saluda-bles. La Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) es una escala de 18 items que evalua tres dimensiones: Inicio, Rechazo y Prevencion Embarazo-ETS (E-ETS). En este estudio 853 personas contestaron la SAS, junto a una bateria de ins-trumentos afines. La puntuacion media de los items ha sido similar a la media teorica del cuestionario, siendo ademas las desviaciones tipicas cercanas a uno. Casi todos los items han mostrado un indice de discrimi-nacion por encima de .30 y un aporte apropiado a la fiabilidad de la escala. El analisis factorial exploratorio ha mostrado tres dimensiones identicas a las obtenidas en el estudio original que explican un 48% de la varianza (Inicio �Ö = .80; Rechazo �Ö = .76 y E-ETS �Ö = .85). Esta estructura ha sido confirmada mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales observandose un buen ajuste. Se discute la validez concurrente al observar correlaciones significativas entre las subescalas del SAS con otros constructos afines.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Antón Ruiz, F.A. y Espada, J.P. (2009). Consumo de sustancias y conductas sexuales de riesgo para la transmisión del VIH en una muestra de estu-diantes universitarios. Anales de Psicología, 25, 344-350.
  • Apt, C. y Hurlbert, D.F. (1993). The sexuality of women in physically abusive marriages: A comparative study. Journal of Family Violence, 8, 57-69.
  • Auslander, B.A., Perfect, M.M., Succop, P.A. y Rosenthal, S.L. (2007). Perceptions of sexual assertiveness among adolescent girls: Initiation, refusal, and use of protective behaviors. Journal of Pediatric y Adolescent Gy-necology, 20, 157-162.
  • Boden, J.M. y Horwood, L.J. (2006). Self-esteem, risky sexual behavior, and pregnancy in a New Zealand birth cohort. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 549-560.
  • Browne, M.W. y Cudeck, R. (1989). Single sample cross-validation indices for covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24, 445-55.
  • Browne, M.W. y Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. En K. A. Bollen y J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Carmines, E.G. y Zeller, R.A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Carrasco, M.J. (1998). ASPA. Cuestionario de Aserción en la Pareja. Madrid: TEA
  • Carretero-Dios, H. y Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 521-551.
  • Carretero-Dios, H. y Pérez, C. (2007). Standards for the development and review of instrumental studies: Considerations about test selection in psychological research. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7, 863-882.
  • Cotten-Houston, A.L. y Wheeler, K.A. (1983). Preorgasmic group treatment: Assertiveness, marital adjustment and sexual function in women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 9, 296-302.
  • Dee Galasi, R (1977). Assert Yourself! How to Be Your Own Person. Nueva York: The Human Sciences Press.
  • Elosua, P. y Zumbo, B.D. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20, 896-901.
  • Epstein, N. (1981). Assertiveness training in marital treatment. En G.P. Sholevar (Ed.), The handbook of marriage and marital therapy (pp. 287-302). Nueva York: Spectrum.
  • Gidycz, C.A., Hanson, K. y Layman, M.J. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences an extension of previous findings. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 5-29.
  • Gismero, E. (2002). EHS. Escala de Habilidades Sociales. Madrid: TEA.
  • Greene, K. y Faulkner, S.L. (2005). Gender, belief in the sexual double styard, and sexual talk in heterosexual dating relationships. Sex Roles, 53, 239-251.
  • Greene, D.M. y Navarro, R.L. (1998). Situation-specific assertiveness in the epidemiology of sexual victimization among university women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 589-604.
  • Haavio-Mannila, E. y Kontula, O. (1997). Correlates of increased sexual satisfaction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 399-419.
  • Hambleton, R.K. (1996). Adaptación de tests para su uso en diferentes idiomas y culturas: fuentes de error, posibles soluciones y directrices prácticas. En J. Muñiz (Ed.), Psicometría (pp. 203-238). Madrid: Universi-tas.
  • Hammond, P.D. y Oei, T.P.S. (1982). Social skills training and cognitive restructuring with sexual unassertiveness in women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 8, 297-304.
  • Hurlbert, D.F. (1991). The role of assertiveness in female sexuality: A comparative study between sexually assertive and sexually nonassertive women. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 17, 183-190.
  • Hurlbert, D.F., Singh, D., Menendez, D.A., Fertel, E.R., Fernández, F. y Salgado, C. (2005). The role of sexual functioning in the sexual desire adjustment and psychosocial adaptation of women with hypoactive sexual desire. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 14, 15-30.
  • Infante, D.A., Chandler, T.A. y Rudd, J.E. (1989). Test of an argumentative skill deficiency model of interspousal violence. Communication Monographs, 56, 163-177.
  • Jacobs, R.J. y Thomlison, B. (2009). Self-silencing and age as risk factors for sexually acquired HIV in midlife and older women. Journal of Aging Health, 21, 102-128.
  • Jenkins, C.C. (2008). Are young adult college attending African American women protecting themselves from HIV/AIDS? A study of sexual as-sertiveness characteristics Dissertation Abstacts International, 69/02, 152.
  • Jöreskog, K.G. y Sörbom, D. (1984). LISREL-VI user's guide. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.
  • Kiefer, A.K., Sanchez, D.T., Kalinka, C.J., Ybarra, O. (2006). How women's nonconscious association of sex with submission relates to their arousal y orgasm ability. Sex Roles, 55, 83-94.
  • Kuriansky, J.B., Sharpe, L., y O'Connor, D. (1982). The treatment of anor-gasmia: Long-term effectiveness of a short term behavioral group therapy. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 8, 29-43.
  • Lameiras, M., Rodríguez, Y. y Dafonte, S. (2002). Evolución de la percep-ción de riesgo de la transmisión heterosexual del VIH en universita-rios/as españoles/as. Psicothema, 14, 255-261.
  • Lameiras-Fernández, M., Carrera-Fernández, M.V., Faílde-Garrido, J.M., Ricoy-Lorenzo, M.C., López-Castedo, A. y Núñez-Mangana, A.M. (2010). Promocionando el uso del preservativo femenino: un estudio cualitativo en parejas heterosexuales españolas. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10, 309-326.
  • Lameiras-Fernández, M., Núñez-Mangana, A., Rodríguez-Castro, Y., Bretón-López, J. y Agudelo, D. (2007). Conocimiento y viabilidad de uso del preservativo femenino en jóvenes universitarios españoles. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7, 207-216.
  • Livingston, J.A., Testa, M. y VanZile-Tamsen, C. (2007). The reciprocal relationship between sexual victimization and sexual assertiveness. Violence Against Women, 13, 298-313.
  • Lorenzo-Seva, U. y Ferrando, P.J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 88-91.
  • Macy, R.J., Nurius, P.S. y Norris, J. (2006). Responding in their best interests: Contextualizing women's coping with acquaintance sexual aggression. Violence Against Women, 12, 478-500.
  • Marsh, H.W. (1996). Positive y negative global self-esteem: A substantively meaningful distinction or artifactors? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 810-819.
  • Marsh, H.W., Balla, J.R. y Hau, K.T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical processes. En G.A. Maroulides y R.E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling techniques (pp.115-353). Hilsdale, N.J: Erlbaum.
  • Montero, I. y León, O.G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7, 847-862.
  • Morales, P. (2000). Medición de actitudes en Psicología y Educación: construcción de escalas y problemas metodológicos. Madrid: Universidad Pontificia de Comi-llas.
  • Morokoff, P.J., Quina, K., Harlow, L.L., Whitmire, L., Grimley, D.M., Gibson, P.R., et al. (1997). Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS) for women: Development and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 790-804.
  • Mosack, K.E., Weeks, M.R., Sylla, L.N. y Abbott, M. (2005). High-risk women's willingness to try a simulated vaginal microbicide: Results from a pilot study. Women & health, 42, 71-88.
  • Nelson, A. (1974). Personality Attributes of Female Orgasmic Consistency (or, Romance Makes You Frigid). Tesis de maestría no publicada. Universidad de California, Berkeley, California.
  • Noar, S.M., Morokoff, P.J. y Harlow, L.L. (2002). Condom negotiation in heterosexually active men and women: Development and validation of a condom influence strategy questionnaire. Psychology & Health, 17, 711-735.
  • Noar, S.M., Morokoff, P.J. y Redding, C.A. (2002). Sexual assertiveness in heterosexually active men: A test of three samples. AIDS Education and Prevention, 14, 330-342.
  • Nunnally, J.C. y Bernstein, I.J. (1995). Teoría psicométrica. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
  • O'Leary, A., Jemmott, L.S. y Jemmott, J.B. (2008). Mediation analysis of an effective sexual risk-reduction intervention for women: the importance of self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 27, 180-184.
  • Parks, K.A., Hsieh, Y.P., Collins, R.L., King, L.P. y Levonyan-Radloff, K. (2009). Predictors of risky sexual behavior with new and regular partners in a sample of women bar drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70, 197-205.
  • Paszek, E. (2007). Estimation. Recuperado el 6 de noviembre de 2008, de http://cnx.org/content/m13524/1.2/
  • Quina, K., Harlow, L.L., Morokoff, P.J., Burkholder, G. y Deiter, P.J. (2000). Sexual communication in relationships: When words speak louder than actions. Sex Roles, 42, 523-549.
  • Raj, A., Silverman, J.G. y Amaro, H. (2004). Abused women report greater male partner risk y gender-based risk for HIV: Findings from a community-based study with Hispanic women. AIDS Care, 16, 519-529.
  • Rickert, V.I., Sanghvi, R. y Wiemann, C.M. (2002). Is lack of sexual asser-tiveness among adolescent and young adult women a cause for concern? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34, 178-183.
  • Robles, S., Moreno, D., Frías, B., Rodríguez, M., Barroso, R., Díaz, E., et al. (2006). Entrenamiento conductual en habilidades de comunicación sexual en la pareja y uso correcto del condón. Anales de Psicología, 22, 60-71.
  • Rosenbaum, A. y O'Leary, K.D. (1981). Marital violence: Characteristics of abusive couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 63-71.
  • Salazar, L.F., DiClemente, R.J., Wingood, G.M., Crosby, R.A., Harrington, K., Davies, S., et al. (2004). Self-concept and adolescents' refusal of unprotected sex: A test of mediating mechanisms among African American girls. Prevention Science, 5, 137-149.
  • Sanchez, D.T., Kiefer, A. e Ybarra, O. (2006). Sexual submissiveness in women: Costs for autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 512-524.
  • Santos-Iglesias, P. y Sierra, J.C (2010a). El papel de la asertividad sexual en la sexualidad humana: una revisión sistemática. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10, 553-577.
  • Santos-Iglesias, P. y Sierra, J.C. (2010b). Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertive-ness: A study of psichometric properties in a Spanish sample. Psychological Reports, 107, 39-57.
  • Santos-Iglesias, P., Vallejo-Medina, P. y Sierra, J.C. (2009). Desarrollo y validación de una versión breve de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico en po-blación española. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9, 501-517.
  • Sierra, J.C., Ortega, V., Santos, P. y Gutiérrez, J.R. (2007). Estructura factorial, consistencia interna e indicadores de validez de la versión española del Index of Spouse Abuse. Boletín de Psicología, 91, 83-96.
  • Sierra, J.C., Santos, P., Gutiérrez-Quintanilla, J.R., Gómez, P. y Maeso, M.D. (2008). Un estudio psicométrico del Hurlbert Index of Sexual Asserti-veness en mujeres hispanas. Terapia Psicológica, 26, 117-123.
  • Smolen, R.C., Spiegel, D.A., Bakker-Rabdan, M.K., Bakker, C.B. y Martin, C. (1985). A situational analysis of the relationship between spouse-specific assertiveness and marital adjustment. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 7, 397-410.
  • Snell, W.E., Fisher, T.D. y Miller, R.S. (1991). Development of the Sexual Awareness Questionnaire: Components, reliability, and validity. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 4, 65-92.
  • Somlai, A.M., Kelly, J.A., McAuliffe, T.L., Gudmundson, J.L., Murphy, D.A., Sikkema, K.J., et al. (1998). Role play assessments of sexual asser-tiveness skills: Relationships with HIV/AIDS sexual risk behavior practices. AIDS and Behavior, 2, 319-328.
  • Spanier, G.B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-38.
  • Steiger, J.H. (1990). Structural model evaluation y modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research. 25, 173-180.
  • Stoner, S.A., Norris, J., George, W.H., Morrison, D.M., Zawacki, T., Davis, K.C., et al. (2008). Women's condom use assertiveness y sexual risk-taking: Effects of alcohol intoxication and adult victimization. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1167-1176.
  • Štulhofer, A., Graham, C., Božičević, I., Kufrin, K. y Ajduković, D. (2007). An assessment of HIV/STI vulnerability and related sexual risk-taking in a nationally representative sample of young Croatian adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 209-225.
  • Tanaka, J.S. y Huba, G.J. (1985). A fit index for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical y Statistical Psychology, 38, 197-201.
  • Testa, M. y Dermen, K.H. (1999). The differential correlates of sexual coercion and rape. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 548-561.
  • Testa, M., VanZile-Tamsen, C. y Livingston, J.A. (2007). Prospective prediction of women's sexual victimization by intimate and nonintimate male perpetrators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 52-60.
  • Velicer, W.F., Eaton, C.A. y Fava, J.L. (2000). Construct explication through factor or component analysis. A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. En R.O. Goffin y E. Helmes (Eds.), Problems and solutions in human assessment: A festschrift to Douglas Jackson at seventy (pp. 41-71). Hillsdale, NJ: Erl-baum.
  • Walker, S.J. (1997). When "no" becomes "yes": Why girls and women con-sent to unwanted sex. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 6, 157-166.
  • Wingood, G.M. y DiClemente, R.J. (1998). Partner influences y gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult African American women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 29-51.
  • Ximénez, M.C. y García, A.G. (2005). Comparación de los métodos de estimación de máxima verosimilitud y mínimos cuadrados no pondera-dos en el análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante simulación Monte Carlo. Psicothema, 17, 528-535.
  • Yoder, J.D., Perry, R.L. y Saal, E.I. (2007). What Good is a Feminist Identity?: Women's Feminist Identification and Role Expectations for Inti-mate and Sexual Relationships. Sex Roles, 57, 365-372.
  • Zamboni, B.D., Crawford, I. y Williams, P.G. (2000). Examining communication and assertiveness as predictors of condom use: Implications for HIV prevention. AIDS Education and Prevention, 12, 492-504.