Efecto de un gel de ácido hialurónico en la enfermedad periodontal. Estudio clínico e hispatopatológico

Abstract

Introduction and methods: We conducted a double blind clinical trial on the effect of a hyaluronic acid on the peridontal pocket depth, gingival bleeding and inflammatory infiltrate in a group of patients with periodontitis. We followed a split-mouth design, randomly applying the gel on one quadrant and a placebo on the contralateral one, with an initial sounding of all the teeth and a recording of the gingival bleeding. After one month of treatment, the same explorations were repeated and a gingival biopsy of each quadrant (test and control) was taken for histopathologic study. Results: Pocket depth, in the control quadrant increased in relation to the initial values, with statistical significance on distal surfaces (p=0.05), whereas the measurements in the test quadrant were similar to the initial ones, except for those obtained on lingual surfaces, which showed a significant decrease (p=0.009). There were improvements in the gingival bleeding after one month with hyaluronic acid treatment, in the test group the reduction was almost 18% (p=0.019) and in the control group was 22,9%, p=0,004. Moderate-severe inflammatory infiltrate was observed in 63.7% of the control biopsies but in only 18.2% of the test biopsies. After treatment with hyaluronic acid the inflammatory infiltrates were improved in seven quadrant test (63,6%) compared to opposite quadrant control. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid gel was demonstrated to be an efficacious drug to control the inflammatory process and bleeding that occurs in periodontitis, with a clear improvement in the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at the gingival lamina propria with a reduction in this depth in some gingival areas.