Ingeniería tisular cardiaca

  1. García Muñoz, Fernando
  2. Crespo Ferrer, Pascual Vicente
  3. García López, José Manuel
Zeitschrift:
Actualidad médica

ISSN: 0365-7965

Datum der Publikation: 2013

Band: 98

Nummer: 789

Seiten: 101-105

Art: Artikel

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Actualidad médica

Zusammenfassung

La recuperación de la pérdida de capacidad funcional cardiaca es uno de los campos de investigación más atractivos para la ingeniería tisular y medicina regenerativa por su alta incidencia y prevalencia. En los últimos años la cardiomioplastia celular, que consiste en implantar células aisladas con capacidad regenerativa, se ha desarrollado notablemente como una herramienta clínicamente útil, aunque los resultados son cuantitativamente escasos. Debido a la baja retención de células implantadas, se han utilizado técnicas de ingeniería tisular para intentar mejorar la capacidad funcional. La ingeniería tisular in situ , que consiste en administrar de manera conjunta células y una matriz extracelular, ha conseguido aumentar la retención de células y mejora los resultados de la cardiomioplastia celular. La ingeniería tisular in vitro a nivel tisular, que se basa en construir en el laboratorio parches tridimensionales con células, matrices y señales necesarias para la construcción de un sustituto tisular que posteriormente es implantado en la zona dañada, ha mejorado las capacidades funcionales contráctiles cardiacas gracias al uso de biorreactores que intentan mimetizar el micromedioambiente cardiaco. La ingeniería tisular in vitro a nivel de órgano consiste en la descelularización del órgano cardíaco y la posterior perfusión de de distintos tipos celulares para intentar repoblar el miocardio y el sistema vascular. Se ha conseguido la contracción y el acoplamiento eléctrico de cardiomiocitos, pero por el momento, la capacidad contráctil final es escasa. Otras técnicas de ingeniería tisular basadas en matrices acelulares o en constructos amatriciales han servido de pasos intermedios hacia los avances en la ingeniería tisular in vitro.

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