Attributions of blame to battered women when they are perceived as feminists or as "difficult to deal with"

  1. Vidal Fernández, Ana 1
  2. López Megías, Jesús 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2014

Volumen: 17

Páginas: 1-10

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2014.26 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

This study aimed to analyze the influence of victim-related and observer-related factors in victim blaming of battered women. Two hundred and forty six college students participated. They were asked to read a scenario describing a hypothetical case of physical violence perpetrated by a man against his partner. Depending on the experimental condition, the victim was described either as a feminist and/or as exhibiting difficulties in her relationship with others or not. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed with victim blaming as dependent variable. Participants’ hostile sexism positively predicted victim blaming when the victim was described as a feminist and as a “difficult to deal with” woman (p < .001). In addition, men, but not women, high in hostile sexist attitudes placed more blame on the victim when she was presented as a feminist woman (p < .001). These results underscore the importance of victim-related and observer-related factors, and of their interaction, in blaming the victim of gender-based violence.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aiken L. S., & West S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Anderson K. L. (1997). Gender, status, and domestic violence: An integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and Family, 59, 655-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353952
  • Berkel L. A., V andiver B. J., & Bahner A. D. (2004). Gender role attitudes, religion, and spirituality as predictors of domestic violence attitudes in white college students. Journal of College Student Development, 45, 119-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2004.0019
  • Btoush R., & Haj-Yahia M. M. (2008). Attitudes of Jordanian society toward wife abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1531-1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260 508314313
  • Burt M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.38.2.217
  • Capez za N. M., & Arriaga X. B. (2008). Factors associated with acceptance of psychological aggression against women. Violence Against Women, 14, 612-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801208319004
  • Choi A., & Edleson J. L. (1996). Social disapproval of wife assaults: A national survey of Singapore. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 27, 73-88.
  • Dobash R. P., & Dobash R. E. (197 9). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Durán M. M., Moya M., Megías J. L., & Viki T. (2010). Social perception of rape victims in dating and married relationships: The role of perpetrator's benevolent sexism. Sex Roles, 62, 505-519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9676-7
  • Eagly A. H., & Karau S. J. (2002). Accuracy and bias in stereotypes about the social and pol itical attitudes of women and men. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 268-282.
  • Ewing C. P., & Aubrey M. (1987). Battered women and public opinion: Some realities about the myths. Journal of Family Violence, 2, 257-264.
  • Expósito F., Moya M., & Glick P. (1998). Ambivalent Sexism: Measurement and Correlates. Revista de Psicología Social, 13, 150-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347 498760350641
  • Felson R. B., & Feld S. L. (2009). When a man hits a woman: Moral evaluations and reporting violence to the police. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 477-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20323
  • Ferrer V. A., Bosch E., Ramis M. C., & Navarro C. (2006). Beliefs and attitudes on violence against women in partner: Socio-demographics, familiar and formative determinants. Anales de Psicolog ía, 22, 251-259.
  • Flood M., & Pease B. (2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10, 125-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838009334131
  • Fundación Mujeres, & UNED (2004). Proyecto detecta. Estudio de investigación sobre el sexismo interiorizado presente en el sistema de creencias de la juventud y adolescencia de ambos sexos y su implicación en la prevención de la violencia de género en el contexto de la pareja. [Detect Project. Research study on internalized sexism present in the belief system of youth and adolescents of both sexes and their involvement in the prevention of gender violence in the context of relationships]. Ma drid, Spain. Retrieved from http://www.fundacionmujeres.es/proyectos/view/proyecto-detecta-investigacion-sobre-sexismo-interiorizado-en-jovenes.html
  • García P., Palacios A. S., Torrico E., & Navarro Y. (2007). El sexismo ambivalente: Un predictor Del maltrato [Ambivalent sexism: A predictor for abuse?]. Boletín Electrónico de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, 29. Retrieved from http://psicologiajuridica.org/psj210.html
  • Gentemann K. (1984). Wife beating: Attitudes of a nonclinical population. Victimology, 9, 109-119.
  • Glick P.,Fiske S. T. 1996 The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism Journ al of Personality and Social Psychology 70, 491-512, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.70.3.491
  • Glick P., Sakall-Ugurlu N., Ferreira M. C., & Souza M. A. S. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes tow ard wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 292-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402. t01-1-00068
  • Gracia E., García F., & Lila M. (2011). Police attitudes toward policing partner violence against women: Do they correspond to different psychosocial profiles? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 189-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0 886260510362892
  • Gracia E., Herrero J., Lila M., & Fuente A. (2010). Perceptions and attitudes towards partner violence against women among Latin-American immigrants in Spain. Intervención Psicosocial, 19, 135-144.
  • Gracia E., & Herrero J. (2006). Acceptability of domestic violence against women in the European Union: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 123-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005. 036533
  • Greenwald A., McGhee D., & Schwartz J. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and So cial Psychology, 74, 1464-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464
  • Haj-Yahia M. M. (2000). Wife abuse and battering in the sociocultural context of Arab society. Family Process, 39, 237-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300. 2000.39207.x
  • Haj-Yahia M. M. (2003). Beliefs about wife beating among Arab men from Israel: The influence of their patriarchal ideology. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 193-206.
  • Hillier L. & Foddy M. (1993). The role of observer attitudes in judgments of blame in cases of wife assault. Sex Roles, 29, 629-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289209
  • Jaccard J., Turrisi R., & Wan C. K. (1990). Interaction effects in multiple regression. London, UK: Sage.
  • Jenen J., Winquist J., Arkkelin D., & Schuster K. (2009). Implicit attitudes towards feminism. Sex Roles, 60, 14-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9514-3
  • Kim-Goh M., & Baello J. (2008). Attitudes toward domestic violence in Korean and Vietnamese immigrant communities: Imp lications for human services. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 647-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9187-2
  • Langhinrichsen-Rohling J., Shlien-Dellinger R. K., Huss M. T., & Kramer V. L. (2004). Attributions about perpetrators and victims of interpersonal abuse. Results from an analogue study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 484-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503262084
  • Lila M., Gracia E., & García F. (2010). Actitudes de la policía ante la intervención en casos de violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja: Influencia Del sexismo y la empatía. [Police attitudes toward intervention in cases of partner violence agains t women: The influence of sexism and empathy]. Revista de Psicología Social, 25, 313-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347410792675570
  • Liss M., Ó Connor C., Morosky E., & Crawford M. (2001). What ma kes a feminist? Predictors and correlates of feminist social identity in college women. Psychology of Women of Quarterly, 25, 124-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00014
  • Mann J. R., & Takyi B. K. (20 09). Autonomy, dependence or culture: Examining the impact of resources and sociocultural processes on attitudes towards intimate partner violence in Ghana, Africa. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 323-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1 007/s10896-009-9232-9
  • Mendes K. (2011). ' The lady is a closet feminist!' Discourses of backlash and postfeminism in British and American newspapers. Intercultural Journal of Cultural Studies, 14, 549-565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877911405754
  • Minist erio de Igualdad (2007). I Informe anual Del observatorio estatal de violencia sobre la mujer. Informe ejecutivo. [I Annual report of the State Observatory on violence against women. Executive Report]. Madrid, Spain: Author.
  • Ministerio de Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad (2012). Víctimas mortales por violencia de género. [Deaths caused by gender violence]. Madrid, Spain: Author.
  • Mugford J., Mugford S., & Easteal P. (1989). Social justice, public perceptions, and spouse assault in Australia. Social Justice, 16, 102-123.
  • Nayak M. B., Byrne C. A., Martin M. K., & Abraham A. G. (2003). Attitudes toward violence against women: A crossnation study. Sex Roles, 49, 333-342.
  • Nelson L. J., Shanahan S. B., & Olivetti J. (1997). Power, empowerment and equality: evidence for the motives of feminists, nonfeminists and antife minists. Sex Roles, 37, 227-249.
  • Obeid N.,Chang D. F.,Ginges J. 2010 Beliefs about wife beating: An exploratory study with Lebanese students Violence Against Women 16 691-712, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801210370465
  • Observatorio contra la Violencia Dom éstica y de Género (2010). Datos de denuncias, procedimientos penales y civiles registrados, órdenes de protección solicitadas en los juzgados de violencia so bre la mujer (JVM) y sentencias dictadas por los órganos jurisdiccionales en esta materia en el año 2010. [Data on registered complaints, criminal and civil proceedings, restraining orders requested in court for violence against women (JVM) and final judgm ents of the courts on this matter in 2010]. Madrid, Spain: Consejo General Del Poder Judicial.
  • Observatorio contra la Violencia Dom éstica y de Género (2011). Datos de denuncias, procedimientos penales y civiles registrados, órdenes de protección solicitadas en los juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer (JVM) y sentencias dictadas por los órganos jurisdiccionales en esta materia en el año 2011. [Data on registered complaints, criminal and civil proceedings, restraining orders requested in court for violence against women (JVM) and final judgments of the courts on this matter in 2011]. Madrid, Spain: Consejo General Del Poder Judicial.
  • Observatorio contra la Violencia Dom éstica y de Género (2012). Datos de denuncias, procedimientos penales y civiles registrados, órdenes de protección solicitadas en los juzgados de violencia sobre la mujer (JVM) y sentencias dictadas por los órganos jurisdiccionales en esta materia en el primer trimestre Del año 2012. [Data on registered complaints, criminal and civil proceedings, restraining orders requested in court for violence against women (JVM) and final judgments of the courts on this matter in the first trimester of 2012]. Madrid, Spain: Consejo General Del Poder Judicial.
  • Pavlou M., & Knowles A. (2001). Domestic violence: Attributions, recommended punishments and reporting behavior related to provocation by the victim. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 8, 76-85. http://dx.doi.or g/10.1080/13218710109525006
  • Rudman L. A., & Fairchild K. (2004). Reactions to counter stereotypic behavior: The role of backlash in cultural stereotype maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 , 157-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.157
  • Russell B. L., & Trigg K. Y. (2004). Tolerance of sexual harassment: An examination of gender differences, ambivalent sexism, social dominance, and gender roles. Sex Roles, 50, 565-573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000023075.32252.fd
  • Sakalli N. (2001). Beliefs about wife beating among Turkish college students: The effects of patriarchy, sexism and sex differences. Sex Roles, 44, 599-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012295109711
  • Stark E., & Flitcraft A. H. (1996). Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Valor-Segura I., Expósito F., & Moya M. (2008). Atribución Del comportamiento Del agresor y consejo a la víctima en un caso de violencia doméstica. [Attribution of aggressor's behavior and advice to the victim in a case of domestic violence]. Revista de Psicología Social, 23, 171-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347408784135896
  • Valor-Segura I., Expósito F., & Moya M. (2011). Victim blaming and exoneration of the perpetrator in domestic violence: The role of beliefs in a just world and ambivalent sexism. The Spanish Journal o f Psychology, 14, 195-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev-SJOP.2011.v14. n1.17
  • Vint S. (2010). The new backlash: Popular culture's " marriage" with feminism, or love is all you need. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 34, 160-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JPFT.34.4.160-169
  • Vives-Cases C., Á lvarez-Dardet C., Gil-González D., Torrubiano-Domínguez J., Rohlfs I., & Escribá-Agüir V. (2009). Perfil sociodemográfico de las mujeres afectadas por violencia Del compañero íntimo en España. [Sociodemographic profile of women affected by intimate partner violence in Spain]. Gaceta Sanitaria, 23, 410-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.02.007
  • Wehbi S. (2002). "Women with nothing to lose " : Marriageability and women's perceptions of rape and consent in contemporary Beirut. Women's Studies International Forum, 25, 287-300.
  • Willis C. E., Hallinan M. N., & Melby J. (1996). Effects of sex role stereotyping among European American students on domestic violence culpability attributions. Sex Roles, 34, 475-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545027
  • Wo rld Health Organization (2005). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. Initial results on prevalence, health-related events and women's responses to such violence. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Retrieve d from: http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who-multicountry-study/summary-report/chapter1/es/index.html
  • Yoshioka M. R., DiNoia J., & Ullah K. (2001). Attitudes toward marital violence: An examination of four Asian c ommunities. Violence Against Women, 7, 900-926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778010122182820
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet