Actual, social and ideal body image in Mexican adolescents and their relation with body dissatisfactiongender differences

  1. Armando Cocca 2
  2. José René Blanco Ornelas 3
  3. Jesús Enrique Peinado Pérez 3
  4. Jesús Viciana Ramírez 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada, España
  2. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
  3. 3 Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México
Mostrar afiliacións +
Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726,  1988-2041

Ano de publicación: 2016

Número: 30

Páxinas: 189-192

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.47197/RETOS.V0I30.50243 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Outras publicacións en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resumo

The purpose of the present study was to compare the perception of current (CBI), ideal (IBI), social body images (SBI), and body dissatisfaction (BD) by gender in Mexican primary and secondary school students. A total sample of 1,146 participants (550 girls and 596 boys) aged 11-16 participated in the study. All participants completed the Mexican computerized adaptation of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Results of oneway multivariate analysis of variance, followed by one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that girls (ABI = 4.26; IBI = 3.53; SBI = 4.28; BD = 0.89) expressed a greater discrepancy between ideal and actual body shape, as well as lower scores of ideal body shape than boys (ABI = 4.28; IBI = 3.93; SBI = 4.31; BD = 0.61). However, no statistical differences were found between boys and girls in actual and social body shape. Although current and social body images are perceived in a similar way by adolescents in our sample regardless of gender, yet girls seem to be more responsive to social and environmental pressures related with body stereotype, this being reflected by a higher dissatisfaction and a thinner idealization of the body. Our findings suggest that we need to focus our attention on girls, especially in a phase of changes such as puberty, if we aim to design any intervention that could positively impact youth’s health through a proper body image.

€ Ver financiamento

Información de financiamento

This study is part of a project funded by the Secretaría de Educación Pública, Subsecretaría de Educación Superior, Dirección General de Educación Superior Universitaria de México [Mexican Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education, General Direction of Higher Education] (OF-13-6894). Additionally, the first author is supported by a grant from the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT).

Financiadores

  • CONACyT
    • OF-13-6894
  • Ministerio de Educación de México
    • OF-13-6894

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Acosta, M. V., Llopis, J. M., Gómez-Peresmitré, G., & Pineda, G. (2005). Evaluación de la conducta alimentaria de riesgo. Estudio transcultural entre dolescentes de España y México. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 5(3), 223-232. Available at http://www.redalyc.org/ articulo.oa?id=56050302
  • Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016). Positive body image and young women’s health: implications for sun protection, cancer screening, weight loss and alcohol consumption behaviours. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(1), 2839. doi: 10.1177/1359105314520814
  • Annesi, J., & Porter, K. (2015). Reciprocal effects of exercise and nutrition treatmentinduced weight loss with improved body image and physical self-concept. Behavioral Medicine, 41, 18-24. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2013.856284
  • Baile Ayensa, J. I., Monroy Martínez, K. E., & Garay Rancel, F. (2005). Alteración de la imagen corporal en un grupo de usuarios de gimnasios. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología, 10(1), 161-169. Available at http://www.redalyc.org/ pdf/292/29210111.pdf
  • Bailey, K., Cline, L., & Gammage, K. (2016). Exploring the complexities of body image experiences in middle age and older adult women within an exercise context: the simultaneous existence of negative and positive body images. Body Image, 17, 88-99. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.007
  • Blanco J.R., Rivera N.E., González J.B., & Rodriguez-Villalobos J.M. (2015). A Gender Study on Mexican College Students’ Body-Image Perception. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(6), 166-169. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.2015406.17
  • Blanco, H., Ornelas, M., Tristán, J. L., Cocca, A., Mayorga-Vega, D., López-Walle, J., & Viciana, J. (2013). Editor for creating and applying computerise surveys. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 935-940. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.105
  • Chang, E. C., Yu, E. A., & Kahle, E. R. (2014). BMI, body discrepancy, and selfconstrual as predictors of eating disturbances in European and Asian American females. Eating Behavior, 15(2), 328-330. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.12.001
  • De Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016). Adolescents’ Social Network Site Use, Peer Appearance-Related Feedback, and Body Dissatisfaction: Testing a Mediation Model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 211224. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4
  • Englera, P. A., Crowtherb, J. H., Daltonb, G., & Sanftner, J. L. (2006). Predicting Eating Disorder Group Membership: An Examination and Extension of the Sociocultural Model. Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 69-79. doi: 10.1016/ j.beth.2005.04.003
  • Francisco, R., Espinoza, P., González, M. L., Panelo, E., Mora, M., Rosés, R., & Raich, R. M. (2015). Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among Portuguese and Spanish adolescents: the role of individual characteristics and internalization of sociocultural ideas. Journal of Adolescence, 41, 7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.02.004
  • Gastélum, G., & Blanco, H. (2006). Versión informatizada de la Escala Estimación del Contorno de la Figura. In Facultad de Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte (Ed.), X Congreso Internacional, Facultad de Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte (pp. 285-286). México: UACH.
  • Gillison, F. B., Standage, M., & Skevington, M. (2011). Motivation and body related factors as discriminants of change in adolescents’ exercise behavior profiles. Journal of Adolescent Helath, 14, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/ j.jadohealth.2010.05.006
  • Grogan, S. (2008). Body image: understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Heider, N., Spruyt, A., & De Houwer, J. (2015). Implicit beliefs about ideal body image predict body image dissatisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1402. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01402
  • Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2010). Metodología de la investigación. México: McGrawHill.
  • Jáuregui, I., & Bolaños, P. (2010). Body image and quality of life in a Spanish population. International Journal of General Medicine, 4, 63-72. doi: 10.2147/ IJGM.S16201
  • Kakeshita, I. S., & Sousa Almeida, S. (2008). The relationship between body mass index and body image in Brazilian adults. Psychology & Neuroscience, 1(2), 103-107. doi: 10.3922/j.psns.2008.2.003
  • Knowles, G., Ling, F., Thomas, G., Adab, P., & McManus, A. M. (2015). Body size dissatisfaction among young Chinese children in Hong Kong: a crosssectional study. Public Health Nutrition, 18(6), 1067-1074. doi: 10.1017/ S1368980014000810
  • Koskina, K., & Giovazolias, T. (2010). The effect of attachment insecurity in the development of eating disturbances across gender: the role of body dissatisfaction. The Journal of Psychology, 144(5), 449-471. doi: 10.1080/ 00223980.2010.496651
  • Magallares, A. (2016). Eating concerns, body dissatisfaction, thinness internalization and antifat attitudes and their relationship with gender ideology in a sample of men. Anales de Psicología, 32(1), 167-173. doi: 10.6018/analesps.32.1.182651
  • Mellor, D., Hucker, A., Waterhouse, M., Mamat, N. H. B., Xu, X., Cochrane, J., McCabe, M., & Ricciardelli, L. (2014). A cross-cultural study investigating body features associated with male adolescentes’ body dissatisfaction in Australia, China, and Malaysia. American Journal of Mental Health, 1-11. doi: 10.1177/1557988314528370
  • Mercado, C. (2008). Aplicación del análisis de género a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Revista de Salud, 4(14), 1-14. Available at http:// www.revistaesalud.com/index.php/revistaesalud/article/view/231/540
  • Mériaux, B., Berg, M., & Hellström, A. L. (2010). Everyday experiences of life, body and well-being in children with overweight. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 24(1), 14-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1471.6712.2008.00678.x
  • Mond, J., Van den Berg, P., Boutelle, K., Hannan, P., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Obesity, body dissatisfaction, and emotional well-being in early and late adolescence: finding from the project EAT study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4), 373-378. doi: 10.1016/j.adohealth.2010.07.022
  • Muñoz Beltrán F., Zueck Enríquez M., Blanco Ornelas J.R., Chávez Guerrero A., & Jasso Reyes J. (2014). Body image perception of Mexican youth: A gender comparison. Educational Journal, 3(5), 261-265. doi: 10.11648/ j.edu.20140305.11
  • Murnen, S. K., and Smolak, L. (2015). Gender and eating disorders. In L. Smolak and M.P. Levine (Eds.), The Wiley Book of Eating Disorders. Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781118574089.ch27
  • Musaiger, A. (2015). Body weight concern among female university students in five Arab countries a preliminary cross-cultural study. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 22(2), 354-357. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1152093
  • Peláez, M. Á., Labrador, F. J., & Raich, R. M. (2005). Prevalencia de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: Consideraciones metodológicas. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 5(2), 135-148. Avaliable at http:// www.ijpsy.com/volumen5/num2/116/prevalencia-de-los-trastornos-de-la-conducta-ES.pdf
  • Perloff, R. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363-377. doi: 10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
  • Pinkasavage, E., Arigo, D., & Schumacher, L. (2015). Social comparison, negative body image, and disordered eating behavior: the moderating role of coping style. Eating Behaviors, 16, 72-77. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.10.014
  • Ramírez, A. L., Pérez, M., & Taylor, A. (2012). Preliminary examination of a couple-based eating disorder prevention program. Body Image, 9(3), 324-333. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.04.006
  • Rivera, J., Cuevas, L., Shamah, T., & Ávila, M. (2012). Obesidad y sobrepeso en niños y adolescentes. In F. Reveles, J. García Letechipia, & S. Voghel Gutiérrez (Eds.), Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (pp. 168-171). Cuernavaca, MX: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.
  • Rodriguez, B., Oudhof, H., Gonzalez-Arratia, N. I., & Unikel-Santoncini, C. (2010). Desarrollo y validación de una escala para medir imagen corporal en mujeres jóvenes. Salud Mental, 33(4), 325-332. Available at http:// w w w . s c i e l o . o r g . m x / s c i e l o . p h p ? p i d = S 0 1 8 5 33252010000400004&script=sci_arttext
  • Rohde, P., Stice, E., & Marti, C. N. (2015). Development and predictive effects of eating disorders risk factors during adolescence: implications for prevention efforts. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2), 187-198. doi: 10.1002/ eat.22270
  • Rtveladze, K., Marsh, T., Barquera, S., Sánchez Romero, L. M., Levy, D., Meléndez, G., Webber, L., Klipi, F., McPherson, K., & Brown, M. (2014). Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden. Pubic Health Nutrition, 17(1), 233-239. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013000086
  • Rutsztein G., Murawski B., Elizathe L., & Scappatura M.L. (2010). Eating disorders: Detection in female and male adolescents in Buenos Aires. A two-stage study. Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 48-61. Available at http:// www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rmta/v1n1/v1n1a6.pdf
  • Shloim, N., Hetherington, M. M., Rudolf, M., & Feltbower, G. (2015). Relationship between body mass index and women’s body image, self-esteem and eating behaviours in pregnancy: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Health Psychology, 20(4), 413-426. doi: 10.1177/135910532568
  • Sinclair, S. L., & Myers, J. E. (2004). The relation between objectified body consciousness and wellness in a group of college women. Journal of College Counseling, 7(2), 150-161. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2004.tb00246.x
  • Swami, V (2015). Cultural influences on body size ideals. European Psychology, 20(1), 44-51. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000150
  • Thompson, J. K., & Gardner, R. M. (2002). Measuring perceptual body image among adolescents and adults. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.). Body Image, a handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 135-141). New York: The Guilford press.
  • Thompson, J. K., & Van De Berg, P. (2002). Measuring Body Image Attitudes among Adolescents and Adults. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.). Body Image, a handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 142-153). New York: The Guilford press.
  • Thompson, M. A., & Gray, J. J. (1995). Development and validation of a new bodyimage assessment scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(2), 258-269. Available at http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/ p d f v i e w e r ? v i d = 2 & s i d = 9 3 4 7 b 5 9 6 2 3 1 0 4 c a a 8 7 6 4 4c2c97d96a40%40sessionmgr102&hid=124
  • Trujano, P., Nava, C., de Gracia, M., Limón, G., Alatriste, A. L., & Merino, M. T. (2010). Trastorno de la imagen corporal. Un estudio con preadolescentes y reflexiones desde la perspectiva de género. Annales de Psicología, 26(2), 279287. Available at http://www.um.es/analesps/v26/v26_2/12-26_2.pdf
  • Unick, J., Beavers, D., Jakicic, J., Kitabchi, A., Knowler, W., Wadden, T., and Wing, R. (2011). Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for individuals with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes: results from the Look Ahead trial. Diabetes Care, 34(10), 2152-2157. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0874
  • Van Vliet, J. S., Gustafsson, P. A., Duchen, K., & Nelson, N. (2015). Social inequality and age-specific gender differences in overweight and perception of overweight among Swedish children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15, 628. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1985-x
  • Watkins, J.A., Christie, C., Chally, P. (2008). Relationship between body image and body mass index in college men. Journal of the American College Health, 57(1), 95-100. doi: 10.3200/JACH.57.1.95-100
  • Wertheim, E., Paxton, S., & Tilgner, L. (2004). Test-retest reliability and construct validity of Contour Drawing Rating Scale scores in a sample of early adolescent girls. Body Image, 1(2), 199-205. doi: 10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00024-X
Fonte de datos: Dialnet