Metodología de ayuda a la decisión mediante SIG e Inteligencia Artificialaplicación en la caracterización demográfica de Andalucía a partir de su residencia

  1. Abarca-Alvarez, Francisco Javier
  2. Campos-Sánchez, Francisco Sergio
  3. Reinoso-Bellido, Rafael
Revista:
Estoa. Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca

ISSN: 1390-9274

Año de publicación: 2017

Título del ejemplar: Estoa 11 (2017-2)

Volumen: 6

Número: 11

Páginas: 33-51

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18537/EST.V006.N011.A03 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Estoa. Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca

Resumen

Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) han sido ampliamente utilizados para el almacenamiento y gestión de la información territorial, mostrándose especialmente útiles para el análisis y para la verificación de hipótesis previamente formuladas y con componentes espaciales relevantes. Existen metodologías heurísticas que en contextos como los actuales, de sobre-abundancia de datos, permiten evidenciar sus coherencias, sin requerir necesariamente hipótesis o formulaciones previas para generar conocimiento. Se propone el uso combinado de (i) técnicas procedentes de la Inteligencia Artificial, como son las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (ANN) del tipo Mapa Auto-organizado (SOM), que han demostrado ser muy eficaces y robustas clasificando y caracterizando perfiles en los datos; integradas con (ii) técnicas de Machine Learning como son los árboles de decisión, singularmente funcionales en la creación de modelos predictivos e interpretables para formular hipótesis explicativas de los perfiles anteriores a partir de otras variables diferenciadas. La investigación plantea combinar SIG, SOM y árboles de decisión para la construcción de modelos explicativos de los perfiles demográficos y sociales de Andalucía, a partir de datos de bajo coste sobre la dimensión residencial. Se verifica la viabilidad de tales modelos predictivos y su alto valor para la comprensión y para la toma de decisiones sobre tales territorios.Palabras clave: árbol de decisión SIG, DSS, mapa auto-organizado.

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