El resilvestramiento y el retorno de la faunaenfoques, experiencias e implicaciones paisajística

  1. Serrano-Montes, José Luis 1
  2. Gómez-Zotano, José 1
  3. Olmedo-Cobo, José Antonio 2
  1. 1 Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física, Universidad de Granada
  2. 2 Grupo de Investigación "Paisaje, Medio Ambiente y Planificación Territorial", Universidad de Granada
Revista:
Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada

ISSN: 0210-5462 2340-0129

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 56

Número: 3

Páginas: 136-161

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada

Resumen

Rewilding, which focuses on conservation and the reintroduction of keystone species, is a strategy of ecological restoration that has acquired great importance in recent years. Different rewilding approaches have been proposed and a number of projects are being implemented in distinct regions of the world. Based on an extensive literature review, this work identifies and analyses various rewilding strategies, proposals and experiences, as well as their landscape effects. Six approaches and their associated experiences have been identified. All of the proposals, except passive rewilding, focus on the recovery of different species of ecosystem engineer: large carnivores, Pleistocene species, seed dispersal agents on islands and large herbivores extinct since pre-modern times. It is expected that rewilding and its associated wildlife recovery will produce ecological, socioeconomic and perceptual landscape changes. The scope of this movement and its known and foreseeable territorial effects, justifies the need for greater attention from the field of geography.

Información de financiación

El descubrimiento de las cascadas tróficas y de la “ecología del miedo”4, especialmente tras la evo-lución experimentada por los ecosistemas del Parque Nacional de Yellowstone (Estados Unidos) con la reintroducción del lobo (Canis lupus occidentalis) en 1995, se ha convertido en un argu-mento fundamental para el restablecimiento de superpredadores en las estrategias de conserva-ción y en las propuestas de restauración ecológica basadas en el resilvestramiento (Eisenberg, 2013; Monbiot, 2013). La primera vez que apareció el concepto de “rewilding” en la literatura científica fue en el año 1998, en el artículo publicado por Michael Soulé y Reed Noss. Estos au-tores definen el resilvestramiento como “el argumento científico para la restauración de la natu-raleza salvaje, sobre la base de las funciones de regulación de los grandes depredadores” (Soulé y Noss, 1998, p. 22). Proponen la protección y restauración de los grandes carnívoros, dado que éstos requieren de amplias áreas de campeo, que ofrecen un efecto paraguas (umbrella effect) para la conservación del territorio, bajo el que otras muchas especies, más abundantes, pequeñas y menos carismáticas, se ven beneficiadas, encontrando seguridad y recursos.

Financiadores

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