Una propuesta de tipología de sistemas de partidos para regímenes democráticos y autoritarios pluralistassu aplicación a los países del Magreb

  1. Inmaculada Szmolka 1
  2. Lucía G.-del-Moral 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Journal:
REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

ISSN: 0210-5233

Year of publication: 2019

Issue: 168

Pages: 93-110

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

Abstract

Since the pioneering work by Sartori, few typologies have been created for party systems and the most recent ones have focused on one or two classification criteria, using democracies as their reference. This article proposes a typology of party systems that can be applied to both democratic and pluralist authoritarian regimes. It is based on four dimensions: competition, party system stability, number and balance between parties and polarization. To verify its validity, the typology was applied to three political regimes of Maghreb: Tunisia (defective democracy) Morocco (quasi-competitive authoritarianism) and Algeria (hegemonic authoritarianism). Its application corroborates the validity of the typology as a possible way of characterizing party systems and allowing transnational research.

€ View funding

Funding information

Este artículo ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación financiado por la Junta de Andalucía «Persistencia del autoritarismo y procesos de cambio político en el Norte de África y Oriente Próximo: consecuencias sobre los regímenes políticos y el escenario internacional» (SEJ 2012-3118).

Funders

Bibliographic References

  • Alcántara, Manuel; Campo, Esther del y Ramos, María Luisa (2001). «La naturaleza de los sistemas de partidos políticos y su configuración en el marco de los sistemas democráticos en América Latina». Justicia Electoral, 15: 57-83.
  • Bardi, Luciano y Mair, Peter (2008). «The Parameters of Party Systems». Party Politics, 14(2): 147-162.
  • Blondel, Jean (1968). «Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies». Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1(2): 180-203.
  • Bogaards, Matthijs (2004). «Counting Parties and Identifying Dominant Party Systems in Africa». European Journal of Political Research, 43(2): 173-197.
  • Budge, Ian; Robertson, David y Hearl, Derek (eds.) (1987). Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analysis of Postwar Election Programs in 19 Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Caramani, Daniel (2011). Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cavatorta, Francesco y Storm, Lise (2018). Political Parties in the Arab World. Continuity and Change. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Coppedge, Michael (1998). «The Dynamic Diversity of Latin American Party Systems». Party Politics, 4(4): 547-568.
  • Croissant, Aurel y Völkel, Philip (2012). «Party Systems Types and Party System Institutionalization: Comparing New Democracies in East and Southest Asia». Party Politics, 18(2): 235-265.
  • Daalder, Hans y Mair, Peter (1983). Western European Party Systems. Beverly Hills, California/ London: Sage Publications.
  • Dalton, Russell (2008). «The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems. Party System Polarization, Its Measurement, and Its Consequences». Comparative Political Studies, 41(7): 899-920.
  • Diamond, Larry (2002). «Elections Without Democracy. Thinking About Hybrid Regimes». Journal of Democracy, 13(2): 21-35.
  • Duverger, Maurice (1954). Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. London: Methuen.
  • Erdmann, Gero y Basedau, Matthias (2008). «Political Parties in Africa: Problems of Categorising and Explaining Party Systems». Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 26(3): 241-258.
  • Ersson, Svante y Lane, Jan-Erik (1998). «Electoral Instability and Party System Change in Western Europe». En: Pennings, P. y Lane, J.-E. (eds.). Comparing Party System Change. London: Routledge.
  • Golosov, Gregorii (2010). «The Effective Number of Parties. A New Approach». Party Politics, 16(2): 171-192.
  • Golosov, Gregorii (2011). «Party System Classification. A Methodological Inquiry». Party Politics, 17(5): 539-560.
  • Gross, Donald y Sigelman, Lee (1984). «Party Systems: A Multidimensional Approach». Comparative Politics, 16(4): 463-479.
  • Hazan, Reuven (1997). Centre Parties. Polarization and Competition in European Parliamentary Democracies. London: Pinter.
  • Hicken, Allen y Martínez-Kuhonta, Eric (2011). «Shadows from the Past: Party System Institutionalization in Asia». Comparative Political Studies, 44(5): 572-597.
  • Hinnebush, Raymond (2017). «Political Parties in MENA: Their Functions and Development». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 44(2): 159-175.
  • Jones, Mark P. (2007). «Political Parties and Party Systems in Latin America». Paper presented at the Symposium Prospects for Democracy in Latin America. University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.
  • Knutsen, Oddbjorn (1998). «Expert Judgments of the Left-Right Location of Political Parties: A Comparative Longitudinal Study». West European Politics, 21(2): 63-94.
  • La Palombara, Joseph y Weiner, Myron (1966). Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Laakso, Marku y Taagepera, Reinn (1979). «“Effective” Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe». Comparative Political Studies, 12(1): 3-27.
  • Lauka, Alban; McCoy, Jennifer y Firat, Rengin (2018). «Mass Partisan Polarization: Measuring a Relational Concept».  American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1): 107-126.
  • Levitsky, Steven y Way, Lucan A. (2002). «Elections Without Democracy. The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism». Journal of Democracy, 13(2): 51-65.
  • Lijphart, Arend (1994). Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Lindberg, Staffam (2007). «Institutionalization of Party Systems? Stability and Fluidity among Legislative Parties in Africa’s Democracies». Government and Opposition, 42(2): 215-241.
  • Mainwaring, Scott  (2018). Party Systems in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mainwaring, Scott  y Scully, Timothy  (1995).  «Party Systems in Latin America». En: Mainwaring, S. y Scully, T. (eds.). Building Democratic Institutions: Party-systems in Latin America. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Mair, Peter (2002). «Comparing Party Systems». En: LeDuc, L., Niemi, R. y Norris, P. (eds.). Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
  • Ocaña, Francisco y Oñate, Pablo (1999). Análisis de datos electorales. Madrid: CIS.
  • Pedersen, Mogens (1979). «The Dynamics of European Party Systems: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility». European Journal of Political Research, 7(1): 1-26.
  • Pelizzo, Riccardo y Nwokora, Zim (2016). «Bridging the Divide: Measuring Party System Change and Classifying Party Systems». Politics and Policy, 44(6): 1017-1052. 
  • Randall, Vickey y Svasand, Lars (2002). «Party Institutionalization in New Democracies». Party Politics, 8(1): 5-29.
  • Ruiz, Leticia y Otero, Patricia (2013). Indicadores de partidos y sistemas de partidos. Madrid: CIS.
  • Sani, Giacomo y Sartori, Giovani (1983). «Polarization, Fragmentation and Competition in Western Democracies». En: Daalder, H. y Mair, P. (eds.). Western European Party Systems. Beverly Hills, California/London: Sage.
  • Sartori, Giovanni (1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Siaroff, Alan (2000). Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945. Oxford: Taylor and Francis.
  • Siaroff, Alan (2003). «Two-And-A-Half-Party Systems and the Comparative Role of the “Half”». Party Politics, 9(3): 267-90.
  • Siaroff, Alan (2006). «A Typology of Contemporary Party Systems». Paper presentado al XX Congreso Mundial de la International Political Science Association. Fukouka, Japón. 9-13 de julio de 2006. Disponible en: http://paperroom.ipsa. org/papers/paper_5213.pdf, acceso el 8 de mayo de 2018.
  • Sigelman, Lee y Yough, Sing (1978). «Left-Right Polarization in National Party Systems: A CrossNational Analysis». Comparative Political Studies, 11(3): 355-379.
  • Stoll, Heather (2008). «Social Cleavages and the Number of Parties: How the Measures you Choose Affect the Answers you Get». Comparative Political Studies, 41: 1439-1465.
  • Storm, Lise (2017). «Parties and Party System Change». En: Szmolka, I. (ed.). Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa: After the Arab Spring. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Szmolka, Inmaculada (2010). «Los regímenes políticos híbridos: democracias y autoritarismos con adjetivos. Su conceptualización, categorización y operacionalización dentro de la tipología de regímenes políticos». Revista de Estudios Políticos, 147: 103-135.
  • Szmolka, Inmaculada (2011). «Democracias y autoritarismos con adjetivos: la clasificación de los países árabes dentro de una tipología general de regímenes políticos». Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 26: 11-62.
  • Szmolka, Inmaculada (2017). «Successful and Failed Transitions to Democracy». En: Szmolka, I. (ed.). Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa: After the Arab Spring. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Szmolka, Inmaculada (2018). «A Real Electoral Duel between the PJD and the PAM? Analysing Constituency-level Competitiveness in the 2016 Moroccan Elections». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies.
  • Taylor, Michael y Herman, Valentine (1971). «Party Systems and Government Stability».  American Political Science Review, 65(1): 28-37.
  • Walle, Nicolas, van de y Butler, Kimberly (1999). «Political Parties and Party Systems in Africa’s Illiberal Democracies». Cambridge Review of International Studies, 13(1): 14-28.
  • Ware, Alan (1996). Partidos políticos y sistemas de partidos. Madrid: Istmo.
  • Wildford, Alan (2017). «Polarization, Number of Parties, and Voter Turnout: Explaining Turnout in 26 OECD Countries». Social Science Quarterly, 98(5): 1391-1405.
  • Wolinetz, Steven (2004). «Classifying Party Systems: Where Have All the Typologies Gone?». Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
  • Wolinetz, Steven (2006). «Party Systems and Party System Types». En: Katz, R. y Crotty, W. (eds.). Handbook on Political Parties. London: Sage.
Data source: Dialnet