Does impartial reasoning matter in economic decisions? An experimental result about distributive (un)fairness in a production context.

  1. Marcon, Laura 1
  2. Francés-Gómez, Pedro 1
  3. Faillo, Marco 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 University of Trento
    info

    University of Trento

    Trento, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/05trd4x28

Revista:
Theoria: an international journal for theory, history and foundations of science

ISSN: 0495-4548

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 35

Número: 2

Páginas: 217-233

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1387/THEORIA.21011 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Theoria: an international journal for theory, history and foundations of science

Resumen

El velo de ignorancia rawlsiano debería inducir una conducta justa en contextos distributivos. Este estudio intentó, mediante un juego del Dictador con opciones de dar y tomar, re-crear una especie de posición original en la que el razonamiento tras el velo debería haber sido una señal moral para sujetos que debían distribuir una ganancia común conseguida con medios de producción desiguales. Sin embargo, el diseño experimental resultó recordar más al estado de naturaleza hobbesiano que a la posición original de Rawls, y demostró que el recurso heurístico a la idea de una decisión tras el velo de ignorancia es ineficaz en un contexto de producción y distribución.

Información de financiación

Funding for the research reported in this paper was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy through Research Grants FFI2011-29005 and FFI2014-56391P.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aquino, K., & Reed A. (2002). The Self-Importance of Moral Identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1423-1440.
  • Ayal, S., Gino, F., Barkan, R., & Ariely, D. (2015). Three Principles to REVISE People’s Unethical Behavior. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 738-741.
  • Barkan, R., Ayal, S., & Ariely, D. (2015). Ethical dissonance, justifications, and moral behaviour. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 157-161.
  • Bardsley, N. (2008). Dictator game giving: Altruism or artefact?. Experimental Economics, 11(2), 122-133.
  • Barry, B. (1995). John Rawls and the Search for Stability. Ethics, 105(4), 874-915.
  • Bicchieri, C. (2006). The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Binmore, K. (2005). Natural Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cappelen, A.W., Nielsen, U.H., Sørensen, E.Ø., Tungodden, B., &Tyran, J.R. (2013). Give and take in dictator games, Economics Letters, 118(2), 280-283.
  • Charness, G., Gneezy, U., & Henderson, A. (2018). Experimental methods: Measuring effort in economics experiments, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 149, 74-87.
  • Degli Antoni, G., Faillo, M., Francés-Gómez, P., & Sacconi, L. (2016). Distributive Justicewith Production and the Social Contract. An Experimental study. EconomEtica, 60, 1-51.
  • Eckel, C., & Grossman, P. (1996). Altruism in anonymous dictator games. Games and Economic Behavior,16, 181.
  • Erkal, N., Gangadharan, L., & Nikiforakis, N. (2011). Relative Earnings and Giving in a Real-Effort Experiment, The American Economic Review, 101(7), 3330-3348.
  • Faillo, M., Rizzolli, M., & Tontrup, S. (2019). Thou shalt not steal (from hard-working people): An experiment on respect for property claims. Journal of Economic Psychology, 71, 88-101.
  • Faillo, M.,Ottone, S., & Sacconi, L. (2015). The social contract in the laboratory. An experimental analysis of self-enforcing impartial agreements. Public Choice, 163(3-4), 225-246.
  • Fehr, E., Naef, M., & Schmidt, K.M. (2006). Inequality Aversion, Efficiency, and Maximin Preferences in Simple Distribution Experiments: Comment, The American Economic Review, 96(5), 1912-1917.
  • Fischbacher, U. (2007). z-Tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Experimental Economics, 10, 171-178.
  • Franzen, A., & Pointner, S. (2012). Anonymity in the dictator game revisited. Journal of Economic Behavior& Organization, 81, 74-81.
  • Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J.A., & Eavey, C.L. (1987). Laboratory Results on Rawls’s Distributive Justice. British Journal of Political Science, 17(1), 1-21.
  • Frohlich, N., & Oppenheimer, J.A. (1990). Choosing Justice in Experimental Democracies with Production. American Political Science Review, 84(2), 461-477.
  • Frohlich, N., & Oppenheimer, J.A (1992). Choosing Justice: An Experimental Approach to Ethical Theory. University of California Press.
  • Gino, F., Ayal, S., & Ariely, D. (2012). Self-Serving Altruism? When Unethical Actions That Benefit Others Do Not Trigger Guilt. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-028.
  • Greiner, B. (2015). Subject pool recruitment procedures: organizing experiments with ORSEE. Journal of the Economic Science Association, 1(1), 114-125.
  • Herne, K., & Suojanen, M. (2004). The Role of Information in Choices Over Income Distributions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(2), 173-193.
  • Hobbes, T. (2011). Leviatano. (G. Micheli Trans.). Milano: BUR Biblioteca Univ. Rizzoli.
  • Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. (1996). Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games. The American Economic Review, 86(3), 653-660.
  • Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K., & Smith, V. (1994). Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games. Games and Economic Behavior, 7(3), 346-380.
  • Khadjavi, M. (2015). On the interaction of deterrence and emotions. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 31(2), 287-319.
  • Kessler, J.B., & Leider, S. (2012). Norms and contracting. Management Science, 58(1), 62-77.
  • Klosko, G. (1994). Rawls’s Argument from Political Stability, Columbia Law Review, 94(6), 1882-1897.
  • Konow, J. (2000). Fair Shares: Accountability and Cognitive Dissonance in Allocation Decisions, The American Economic Review, 90(4), 1072-1091.
  • Korenok, O., Millner, E.L., & Razzolini, L. (2014). Taking, giving, and impure altruism in dictator games. Experimental Economics, 17(3), 488-500.
  • Krupka, E.L., & Weber, R.A. (2013). Identifying social norms using coordination games: Why does dictator game sharing vary?. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(3), 495-524.
  • Levitt, S.D., & List, J.A. (2007). What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 153-174.
  • Lissowski, G., Tyszka, T., & Okrasa, W. (1991). Principles of Distributive Justice: Experiments in Poland and America. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 35(1), 98-119.
  • List, J.A. (2007). On the interpretation of giving in dictator games. Journal of Political Economy, 115(3), 482-493.
  • Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008). The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45, 633-644.
  • McClennen, E. (1989). Justice and the Problem of Stability, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 18(1), 3-30.
  • Michelbach, P.A., Scott, J.T., Matland, R.E., & Bornstein, B.H. (2003). Doing Rawls Justice: An Experimental Study of Income Distribution Norms. American Journal of Political Science, 47 (3), 523-539.
  • Plato (2000). The Republic. (G.R.F. Ferrari, Ed.; T. Griffin, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1980). Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory. The Journal of Philosophy, 77(9), 515-572.
  • Rey-Biel, P., Sheremeta, R., & Uler, N. (2018). When Income Depends on Performance and Luck: The Effects of Culture and Information on Giving. MPRA Paper, No. 83940.
  • Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 358-367.
  • Sacconi, L., & Faillo, M. (2010). Conformity, reciprocity and the sense of justice. How social contract-based preferences and beliefs explain norm compliance: the experimental evidence. Constitutional Political Economy, 21, 171-201.
  • Sacconi, L., Faillo, M., & Ottone, S. (2011). Contractarian Compliance and the ‘Sense of Justice’: A Behavioral Conformity Model and Its Experimental Support. Analyse & Kritik, 33(1), 273-310.
  • Scott, J.T., Matland, R.E., Michelbach, P.A., & Bornstein, B.H. (2001). Just Deserts: An Experimental Approach to Distributive Justice. American Journal of Political Science, 45(3), 749-67.
  • Seabright, P. (2005). The evolution of fairness norms: an essay on Ken Binmore’s Natural Justice. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 5(1), 33-50.
  • Servátka, M. (2009). Separating reputation, social influence, and identification effects in a dictator game. European Economic Review, 53(2), 197-209.
  • Schram, A., & Charness, G. (2012). Social and Moral Norms in the Laboratory. eScholarship, UC Santa Barbara, Departmental Working Papers, 1-33.
  • Schildberg-Hörisch, H. (2010). Is the veil of ignorance only a concept about risk? An experiment. Journal of Public Economics, 94, 1062-1066.
  • Shalvi, S., Gino, F., Barkan, R., & Ayal, S. (2015). Self-Serving Justifications: Doing Wrong and Feeling Moral. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(2), 125-130.