Incertidumbres generadas durante el proceso del Brexit entre los trabajadores españoles altamente cualificados

  1. Rebeca R. Aragón 1
  2. Francisco D. Bretones 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Revista:
REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

ISSN: 0210-5233

Año de publicación: 2020

Número: 172

Páginas: 3-20

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5477/CIS/REIS.172.3 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

Resumen

El objeto de este artículo es analizar la influencia del Brexit en los trabajadores españoles en Reino Unido. Para ello, llevamos a cabo un estudio cualitativo mediante 38 entrevistas en profundidad a migrantes españoles residentes en Gran Bretaña meses antes de la salida efectiva de la Unión Europea. Del análisis de las entrevistas pudimos observar que, a pesar de la permanente idea de retorno al país de origen, se dan diversas variables sociales y emocionales que anclan a estas personas a permanecer en el Reino Unido. Sin embargo, el proceso posterior del Brexit ha ejercido un efecto catalizador, «desanclando» y rompiendo el proceso identitario con la sociedad de destino. Creemos que este estudio nos permite describir cómo los procesos de asentamiento de migrantes están condicionados por diversos acontecimientos sociales y políticos del país de destino.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alaminos, Antonio; Albert, María C. y Santacreu, Óscar (2010). «La movilidad social de los emigrantes españoles en Europa». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), 129(1): 13-35.
  • Anderson, Ben y Wilson, Hellen (2018). «Everyday Brexits». Area, 50(2): 291-295. doi.org/10.1111/ area.12385
  • Billig, Michael (1988). «Social Representation, Objectification and Anchoring: A Rhetorical Analysis». Social Behaviour, 3(1): 1-16.
  • Brahic, Benedicte y Lallement, Maxim (2018). «From “Expats” to “Migrants”: Strategies Ofresilience Among French Movers in Post-Brexit Manchester». Migration and Development. doi.org/10.108 0/21632324.2018.1503486
  • Bygnes, Susanne (2017). «Are They Leaving Because of the Crisis? The Sociological Significance of Anomie as a Motivation for Migration». Sociology, 51(2): 258-273. doi. org/10.1177/0038038515589300
  • Bygnes, Susanne y Erdal, Marta Bivand (2017). «Liquid Migration, Grounded Lives: Considerations about Future Mobility and Settlement among Polish and Spanish Migrants in Norway». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(1): 102-118. doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1211004
  • Carling, Jørgen y Pettersen, Silje V. (2014). «Return Migration Intentions in the Integration-Transnationalism Matrix». International Migration, 52(6): 13-30. doi.org/10.1111/imig.12161
  • Caro, Raquel; Cavasola, Silvia y Fernández, Mercedes (2018). «Back to (a Different) Emigration? Mobility from Spain and Italy during the Economic Crisis». Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 7(1): 30-55. doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ ried/ijds.273
  • Castells, Manuel (1997). The Information Age: The Power of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Clauwaert, Stefan y Schömann, Isabelle (2012). «The Crisis and National Labour Law Reforms». European Labour Law Journal, 3(1): 54-69. doi. org/10.1177/201395251200300105
  • Coque, Jorge; Bretones, Francisco y López, Nuria (2013). «Factores para la puesta en marcha y el éxito de microempresas asociativas creadas por jóvenes egresados universitarios». Revesco, 112: 66-94. doi.org/10.5209/rev-REVE.2013.v112.43063
  • D’Angelo, Alessio y Kofman, Eleonore (2018). «From Mobile Workers to Fellow Citizens and Back Again? The Future Status of EU Citizens in the UK». Social Policy and Society, 17(2): 331-343. doi.org/10.1017/S1474746417000495
  • Dijk, Teun van (1985). Handbook of Discourse Analysis. London: Academic Press.
  • Domínguez-Mujica, Josefina; Guerra-Talavera, Raquel y Parreño-Castellano, Juan M. (2014). «Migration at a Time of Global Economic Crisis: The Situation in Spain». International Migration, 52(6): 113-127. doi.org/10.1111/imig.12023
  • Domínguez-Mujica, Josefina; Díaz-Hernández, Ramón y Parreño-Castellano, Juan M. (2016). «Migrating Abroad to Get Ahead: The Emigration of Young Spanish Adults During the Financial Crisis (2008-2013)». En: Global Change and Human Mobility. Singapore: Springer, pp. 203-223. doi. org/10.1007/978-981-10-0050-8_11
  • Duda-Mikulin, Eva (2019). EU Migrant Workers, Brexit and Precarity. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Eisenhardt, Kthleen (2000). «Paradox, Spirals, Ambivalence: The New Language of Change and Pluralism». Academy of Management Review, 25(4): 703-705. doi.org/10.5465/ AMR.2000.3707694
  • Engbersen, Godfried y Snel, Erick (2013). «Liquid Migration: Dynamic And Fluid Patterns Of PostAccession Migration Flows». En: Glorius, B.; Grabowska-Lusinska, I. y Kuvik Mobility, A. (eds.). Transition. Migration Patterns after EU Enlargement. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Engbersen, Godfried; Snel, Erik y Booman, Jan de (2010). «“A Van Full of Poles”: Liquid Migration from Central and Eastern Europe». En: Black, R.; Engbersen, G.; Okólski, M. y Pantîru, C. (eds.). A Continent Moving West. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Eurostat (2015). Migration and Migrant Population Statistics. Luxembourg: Eurostat.
  • Gawlewicz, Anna y Sotkasiira, Tiina (2019). «Revisiting Geographies of Temporalities: The Significance of Time in Migrant Responses to Brexit». Population, Space and Place, e2275. doi. org/10.1002/psp.2275
  • Gea-Caballero, Vicente; Castro-Sánchez, Enrique; Díaz-Herrera, Miguel Ángel; Sarabia-Cobo, Carmen; Juárez-Vela, Raúl y Zabaleta-Del Olmo, Edurne (2019). «Motivations, Beliefs, and Expectations of Spanish Nurses Planning Migration for Economic Reasons: A Cross-Sectional, WebREIS 172 01 Díaz Bretones ESP.indd 17REIS 172 01 Díaz Bretones ESP.indd 17 5/8/20 13:525/8/20 13:52
  • Based Survey». Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51(2): 178-186. doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12455
  • Gioia, Dennis A.; Corley, Kevin G. y Hamilton, Aimee L. (2013). «Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research». Organizational Research Methods, 16(1): 15-31. doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
  • Golsch, Katrin (2003). «Employment Flexibility in Spain and Its Impact on Living Arrangements». Work Employment and Society 17(4): 691-718. doi.org/10.1177/0950017003174005
  • González-González, Jose M. y Bretones, Francisco (2013). «Pushed or Pulled? Entrepreneurial Behaviour among Immigrants as a Strategy to Cope with Negative Social Identity». Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 20(5): 633-648. doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.832680
  • González-González, José M.; Bretones, Francisco; González-Martínez, Rocío y Francés-Gómez, Pedro (2019). «The Future of an Illusion: Paradoxes of Corporate Social Responsibility». Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32(1): 2-14. doi/10.1108/JOCM-01-2018-0018
  • Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra (2016). «Social Anchoring: Immigrant Identity, Security and Integration Reconnected?». Sociology, 50(6): 1123- 1139. doi.org/10.1177/0038038515594091
  • Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra y Phillimore, Jenny (2018). «Introduction: Rethinking Integration. New Perspectives on Adaptation and Settlement in the Era of Super-Diversity». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(2): 179-196. doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1341706
  • Guma, Taulant y Jones, Dafydd (2018).«Where are We Going to Go Now? European Union Migrants’ Experiences of Hostility, Anxiety, and (Non‐)belonging during Brexit». Population, Space and Place, 25. doi.org/10.1002/psp.2198
  • Haas, Hein de y Fokkema, Tineke (2011). «The Effects of Integration and Transnational Ties on International Return Migration Intentions». Demographic Research, 25: 755-782. doi.org/10.4054/ DemRes.2011.25.24
  • Haas, Hein de; Fokkema, Tineke y Fassi, Mohamed Fihri (2015). «Return Migration as Failure or Suc- cess? The Determinants of Return Migration Intentions Among Moroccan Migrants in Europe». Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(2): 415-429. doi.org/10.1007/s12134- 014-0344-6
  • Hear, Nicholas van; Bakewell, Oliver, y Long, Katy (2018). «Push-pull Plus: Reconsidering the Drivers of Migration». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6): 927-944. doi.org/10.1080/13 69183X.2017.1384135.
  • INE (2018). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute). Disponible en: https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index. htm?type=pcaxis&path=/t20/p85001/serie/&file= pcaxis&dh=0&capsel=1
  • Jendrissek, Dan (2016). «Building a Future in Times of Crisis. Young, Highly Qualified Migrants in the UK». Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24(3): 323-340. doi.org/10.1080/14782 804.2015.1117965
  • King, Russell (2018). «Theorising New European Youth Mobilities». Population, Space and Place, 24(1): 1-12. doi.org/10.1002/psp.2117
  • Labrianidis, Lois, y Vogiatzis, Nikos (2013). «Highly Skilled Migration: What Differentiates the “brains” Who Are Drained from Those Who Return in the Case of Greece?». Population, Space and Place, 19(5): 472-486. doi.org/10.1002/ psp.1726
  • Landolt, Sara y Thieme, Susan (2018). «Highly Skilled Migrants Entering the Labour Mar- ket: Experiences and Strategies in the Contested Field of Overqualification and Skills Mismatch». Geoforum 90: 36-44. doi.org/10.1016/J. GEOFORUM.2018.01.009
  • Lulle, Aija; Moroşanu, Laura y King, Russell (2018). «And Then Came Brexit: Experiences and Future Plans of Young EU Migrants in the London Region». Population, Space and Place, 24(1): 1-11. doi.org/10.1002/psp.212
  • Massey, Douglas; Arango, Joaquín; Hugo, Graeme; Kovaoua, Ali; Pellegrino, Adela y Taylor, J. Edward (1993). «Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal». Population and development review, 19(3):431-466. doi. org/10.2307/2938462
  • McCarthy, Helen N. J. (2018). «Spanish Nationals’ Future Plans in the Context of Brexit». Population, Space and Place, 22: 1-14. doi.org/10.1002/ psp.2202
  • McGhee, Derek; Moreh, Chris y Vlachantoni, Athina (2017). «An “Undeliberate Determinacy”? The Changing Migration Strategies of Polish Migrants in the UK in Times of Brexit». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43(13): 2109-2130. doi.org /10.1080/1369183X.2017.1299622
  • Mendoza, Cristóbal y Ortiz-Guitart, Anna (2016). «Procesos migratorios y transiciones vitales de un grupo de jóvenes universitarios extranjeros en Barcelona». Economía, sociedad y territorio, 16(50): 103-131.
  • Nes, Fenna van; Abma, Tineke A.; Johnson, Hans y Darly, J. H. Deeg (2010). «Language Differences in Qualitative Research: Is Meaning Lost in Translation?». European Journal of Ageing, 7(4): 313-316. doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010- 0168-y
  • NINo (2018). Statistics on National Insurance Number Allocations to Adult Overseas Nationals – UK Statistics Authority . Disponible en: https:// www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/publication/ninoallocations-to-adult-overseas-nationals/
  • ONS (Office for National Statistics) (2011). Census: Manchester and Westminster Matching Studies Full Census Output Geography (England and Wales). Disponible en: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/ guide-method/census/2011/the-2011-census/ census-consultations/open-census-consultations/ census-output-geography-consultation/2011- census-outputs-geography-consultation.doc
  • Paparusso, Angela y Ambrosetti, Elena (2017). «To Stay or to Return? Return Migration Intentions of Moroccans in Italy». International Migration, 55(6): 137-155. doi.org/10.1111/imig.12375
  • Park, Keumjae (2007). «Constructing Transnational Identities without Leaving Home». Sociological Forum, 22(2): 200-218. doi.org/10.1111/j.1573- 7861.2007.00013.x
  • Rijnsoever, Frank van (2017). «(I Can’t Get No) Saturation: A Simulation and Guidelines for Sample Sizes in Qualitative Research». PloS one, 12(7): e0181689. doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0181689
  • Rodríguez, Vicente y Egea, Carmen (2006). «Return and the Social Environment of Andalusian Emigrants in Europe». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(8): 1377-1393. doi. org/10.1080/13691830600928771
  • Ryan, Louise (2018). «Differentiated Embedding: Polish Migrants in London Negotiating Belonging over Time». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(2): 233-251. doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1341710
  • Ryan, Louise y Mulholland, Jon (2014). «“Wives Are the Route to Social Life”: An Analysis of Family Life and Networking amongst Highly Skilled Migrants in London». Sociology, 48(2): 251-267. doi.org/10.1177/0038038512475109
  • Ryan, Louise; Sales, Rosemary; Tilki, Mary y Siara, Bernadetta (2008). «Social Networks, Social Support and Social Capital: The Experiences of Recent Polish Migrants in London». Sociology, 42(4): 672-690. https://doi. org/10.1177/0038038508091622
  • Schreier, Margrit (2012). Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
  • Selva, Clara y Recordà, Aniol (2018). «Spanish Youth Is Emigrating: A Bibliometric Approach to the Media Coverage». PLoS ONE, 13(6): 1-25. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198423
  • Smith, Darren P. (2004). «An “Untied” Research Agenda for Family Migration: Loosening the “Shackles” of the Past». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(2): 263-282. doi. org/10.1080/1369183042000200696
  • Snel, Erik; Faber, Marije y Engbersen, Godfried (2015). «To Stay or Return? Explaining Return Intentions of Central and Eastern European Labour Migrants». Central and Eastern European Migration Review 4(2): 5-24.
  • Tyrrell, Naomi; Sime, Daniela; Kelly, Claire y McMellon, Christina (2019). «Belonging in Brexit Britain: Central and Eastern European 1.5 Generation Young People’s Experiences». Population, Space and Place, 25: 1-10. doi.org/10.1002/psp.2205
  • Wallace, Claire (2002). «Opening and Closing Borders: Migration and Mobility in East-Central Europe». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(4): 603- 625. doi.org/10.1080/136918302100003222 7
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet