Turismo y desarrollo sostenible en la frontera norte dominico-haitianadescripción de la oferta y análisis de la demanda

Laburpena

Tourism is one of the main economic sectors in the world, which is growing continuously due to its marked multidisciplinary character, being established as the engine of socioeconomic progress in many countries. Data from international organizations show that tourism accounted for 9.8% of the world's gross domestic product in 2015, generating one in eleven jobs worldwide. Tourism is a dynamic sector, which is constantly changing, so that the motivations of tourists are constantly changing, in search of new experiences that bring new and better satisfactions, so that new tourism typologies that respond to these new motivations, this being the case of ecotourism or border tourism. These new typologies have to be carried out in a sustainable way, where all stakeholders involved benefit equally. The development of tourism is inevitable without any impacts, whether positive or negative. These impacts can be economic, sociocultural and /or environmental. The study presented here refers to border tourism on the northern border between the Dominican Republic (Dajabón) and the Republic of Haiti (Juana Méndez). The sociodemographic profile of the tourists who visit the border is a man in a little over 50% of cases, from the Dominican Republic (35.6%), United States (24.7%) and the Republic of Haiti (14.8%), aged between 26 and 44 in more than half of the cases, with a level of studies of graduated or under, that travel in almost half of the cases with coworkers or friends (45,5%). The methodology used for the analysis of the demand has been based on surveys of tourists visiting the border area between the cities of Dajabón in the Dominican Republic and Juana Méndez in the Republic of Haiti, with a pre-test of 20 surveys to corroborate that the items were perfectly understood, and that they did not change context, besides being in spanish, english and french. A total of 610 surveys were collected, although only 583 were valid. The statistical programs used were SPSS for the previous data analysis and SmartPLS 3 for the realization of the structural equations, where a hypothesis test was made between the different variables Analyzed, resulting in whether or not the different scenarios are supported. The results show a positive relationship between the tourist satisfaction in the destination and the tourist loyalty towards the destination, as well as the positive influence of the tourist motivations on the value perceived by the tourist in the destination. The results obtained are useful for public organizations in each of the border countries for the establishment of businesses in border areas with the aim of boosting the area and stimulating it from a social and economic point of view, always from a sustainable point of view and affecting as little as possible the environment where they are inserted.