Efectos del tabaco en la osteointegración de implantes dentales

Résumé

Objective: We analize retrospectively the effect of tobacco about the osseointegration process, in the interval berween the first and the second surgical stage, on the sample of dental implants. Methods and Patients: During the process, 1084 dental implants placed in 316 patients were analized (142 men and 174 women). We registered the sex, the age and the cigarrette smoked of each patient. Osseointegration process was estimated at the establishment of the implant's subclinical mobility (Periotest©) and the marginal bone loss by the obtaining of digital radiographs. Results: We eliminated before of the second surgery, 55 implants, 21 placed in men and 34 in women. These diferences weren't significative. But we observed that the greater proport ion of failed implants were in patients who smoked more than 20 cigarrette per day, and these diferences were very significative (p<0,001). We didn't find diferences in the PVTs of the first surgery depended on the number of smoked cigarretes, but we find when we compared the second surgery (p<0,001). The patients who smoked more cigarretes, had the great marginal bone loss. It was measured radiographically (p<0,001). Conclusion: The implants that was placed on great smokers, had more proportion of early failure than other parients. Likewise, the fixtures placed on these patients, had the greater marginal bone loss(it was measured radiographically) and they had the worst osseointegration quality (it was measured with Periotest®) in the interval between the first and the second surgical stage.