Desertification and Degradation Risks vs PovertyA Key Topic in Mediterranean Europe

  1. Jesús Rodrigo-Comino 1
  2. Rosanna Salvia 2
  3. Gianluca Egidi 3
  4. Luca Salvati 4
  5. Antonio Giménez-Morera 5
  6. Giovanni Quaranta 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 Università della Basilicata
    info

    Università della Basilicata

    Potenza, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/03tc05689

  3. 3 Tuscia University
    info

    Tuscia University

    Viterbo, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/03svwq685

  4. 4 Università de Roma La Sapienza
    info

    Università de Roma La Sapienza

    Roma, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/02be6w209

  5. 5 Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
    info

    Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01460j859

Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

ISSN: 0211-6820 1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 48

Número: 1

Páginas: 23-40

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18172/CIG.4850 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Resumen

Los procesos de degradación del territorio y, consecuentemente, los de desertificación están condicionados por factores biofísicos e condicionantes humanos. Hoy en día, existe un interés creciente por parte de los científicos sociales por evaluar sus implicaciones. Especialmente, un interés por los posibles cambios y el deterioro del paisaje a consecuencia de la población, los sistemas económicos y las reacciones de las sociedades locales a dichos ajustes. La evaluación de las facetas sociales también debería estar relacionada con los riesgos de desertificación, los aportes socioeconómicos integrados y las perspectivas de desarrollo ambientalmente sostenible. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre los efectos de la degradación del territorio condicionado por factores socioeconómicos globales desde un punto de vista holístico son escasas. En esta revisión, pretendemos discutir los hallazgos pasados y recientes sobre los riesgos de degradación de la tierra relacionados con la pobreza, especialmente en la Europa mediterránea. Para lograr este objetivo, nos enfocamos en fuerzas socioeconómicas clave como la política de desarrollo, la estructura de producción y mercado, el cambio social y la movilidad de la población. Nuestra revisión demostró que las disparidades regionales basadas en la dinámica compleja de las fuerzas demográficas (por ejemplo, la migración, la fertilidad y el envejecimiento) y los impulsores económicos del cambio (por ejemplo, la concentración industrial, la urbanización, la intensificación de cultivos, la presión del turismo, la cosificación) son clave para comprender las regiones mediterráneas como el sur de Italia, una región expuesta a un alto riesgo de desertificación en Europa. Concluimos que la sobreexplotación de territorios, la degradación del suelo y el agua, la expansión urbana, el turismo y la industrialización no planificada son algunos sectores y actividades que pueden verse muy afectados por fuerzas políticas y socioeconómicas que conducen a formas insostenibles de ordenación territorial y tipos de desarrollo. Se debe prestar especial atención a las políticas sociales, los esquemas de educación y capacitación para reducir la migración rural y potenciar el conocimiento territorial para evitar la degradación de la tierra, considerando otros temas sociales como la pobreza o la centralización. El papel potencial de las políticas de beneficio mutuo para abatir la pobreza y reducir el riesgo de desertificación es evidente en la Europa mediterránea y es necesaria la neutralidad de la degradación del territorio.

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