Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento basado en la mejora de la condición física general sobre el rendimiento deportivo en patinadores de velocidad infantiles

Zusammenfassung

Objective: to investigate the effect of a training program based on the improvement of the overall physical fitness on the sport performance of children's skaters considering age and sex as determining factors. Method: A total sample of 52 skaters from the Chimborazo Sports Federation (Ecuador), 16 children (30.80%) and 36 girls (69.2%) between 6 and 13 years old participated in this study. The sample was divided and analyzed by age (<10 years and >10 years) and sex (boys and girls). Speed-agility and aerobic capacity were analyzed using the specific tests described in the validated ALPHA Fitness test battery for children and adolescents. The competitive performance of the specific counter-clock test of skating on wheels was evaluated collecting the best score performed. Participants were evaluated before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of a 10-week intervention based on a training for overall physical fitness (2 hours/day and 4 days/week). A mixed factorial anova was performed for the analysis of the variables taking into account age and sex as intersubjective factors, where the significance value was set at p <0.05. All statistical analyzes were performed in the SPSS v.22 program. IBM, USA Results: Speed-agility improved significantly postintervention only in the case of participants <10 years (children: DM = 0.83 ± 0.32, p = 0.13; girls: DM = 1.05 ± 0.197, p <0.001). The aerobic capacity improved significantly only for girls <10 years (DM = 0.65 ± 0.20; p = 0.02), who left with the lowest results at the beginning of the intervention. The performance in the counter-clock test improved for all cases significantly decreasing the score time, except for children under 10 years old. Conclusions: Predominants physical skills in roller skating, such as speed-agility and aerobic capacity differ according to sex and age after an intervention with a training program based on the improvement of overall physical fitness. Likewise, performance improvement was different based on age and sex factors. For that reason, for the new federations of speed skating, it is recommended to include training programs based on the improvement of the overall physical fitness and not exclusively in the execution of the competitive tests, considering the age and the sex as fundamental factors to schedule the training with the aim of achieving the optimum performance in children's skaters.