Men's triathlon correlation between stages and final result in the London 2012 Olympic Games

  1. Andrés B. Fernández Revelles 1
  2. Irwin Ramírez Granizo 1
  3. Manuel Castro Sánchez 1
  4. Rosario Padial Ruz 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Revista:
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise: JHSE

ISSN: 1988-5202

Año de publicación: 2018

Título del ejemplar: Spring Conferences of Sports Science

Volumen: 13

Número: 2

Páginas: 514-528

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of Human Sport and Exercise: JHSE

Resumen

Introduction: Triathlon is a sport that combines three different disciplines. The most widespread triathlon is the Olympic modality, which is used in the Olympic Games, consisting of swimming 1.5 km, cycling 40 km and running 10 km. Aims: To determine the influence of the duration and order of the different stages on the final result of the men’s triathlon race in London 2012 Olympic Games. Method: Data from 54 athletes who finished was analysed. Results and conclusions: The final result is not determined neither by the order of the stages, nor by their duration, the least influential discipline being Bike without correlation with result; however being the most time consuming, 53.76%; the most influential stage was Run with rs = 0.913; and p = 0.000; and R2 =0 .833, with 28.93% duration.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abbiss, C. R., & Laursen, P. B. (2008). Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine, 38(3), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838030-00004
  • Atkinson, G., & Brunskill, A. (2000). Pacing strategies during a cycling time trial with simulated headwinds and tailwinds. Ergonomics, 43(10), 1449-1460. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300750003899
  • Bentley, D. J., Millet, G. P., Vleck, V. E., & McNaughton, L. R. (2002). Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon - Implications for physiological analysis and performance. Sports Medicine, 32(6), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232060-00001
  • Bentley, D. J., Wilson, G. J., Davie, A. J., & Zhou, S. (1998). Correlations between peak power output, muscular strength and cycle time trial performance in triathletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38(3), 201-207.
  • Bernard, T., Hausswirth, C., Le Meur, Y., Bignet, F., Dorel, S., & Brisswalter, J. (2009). Distribution of Power Output during the Cycling Stage of a Triathlon World Cup. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(6), 1296-1302. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318195a233
  • Bonacci, J., Vleck, V., Saunders, P. U., Blanch, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2013). Rating of perceived exertion during cycling is associated with subsequent running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.04.002
  • Dallam, G. M., Jonas, S., & Miller, T. K. (2005). Medical considerations in triathlon competition - Recommendations for triathlon organisers, competitors and coaches. Sports Medicine, 35(2), 143- 161. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535020-00004
  • Etxebarria, N., D'Auria, S., Anson, J. M., Pyne, D. B., & Ferguson, R. A. (2014). Variability in Power Output During Cycling in International Olympic-Distance Triathlon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 732-734. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0303
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2012). ABFR-Index: correlación entre producción científica y Juegos Olímpicos 2008. Habilidad Motriz, 38, 51-57. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/29518
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2013). Modelo matemático de ley de potencias aplicado al maratón. Habilidad Motriz, 41, 12-20. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/29518
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2014). ABFR-Index: correlation between "soccer" scientific production and ranking. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 14(56), 705-718. doi: Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista56/artABFR506.htm
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2017). Correlation between phases and final result in Men's triathlon competition at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. Retos-Nuevas Tendencias En Educacion Fisica Deporte Y Recreacion(32), 167-171. doi: http://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/download/52952/33666
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2018). Infographic. Correlation between phases and final result in Men's triathlon competition at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. British Journal of Sports Medicine(Accepted). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099225
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Espejo-Garcés, T., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., & Chacón-Cuberos, R. (2018). Men's triathlon correlation between the phases and the final result in the Olympic Games in Athens 2004. Journal of Sport and Health Research(Accepted).
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Robles, A., Dafos, J., Soto, V. M., Perez-Cortes, A. J., Latorre, P., . . . Romero, C. (2009). Physical activity: Evaluation of research in Spain. Gaceta sanitaria, 23, 204-204.
  • Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Padial-Ruz, R., Castro-Sánchez, M., VicianaGarófano, V., & Puertas-Molero, P. (2018). Men's triathlon correlation between the phases and result in the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008. SPORT TK Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte(Accepted).
  • Hausswirth, C., & Brisswalter, J. (2008). Strategies for Improving Performance in Long Duration Events Olympic Distance Triathlon. Sports Medicine, 38(11), 881-891. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838110-00001
  • Hausswirth, C., Le Meur, Y., Bieuzen, F., Brisswalter, J., & Bernard, T. (2010). Pacing strategy during the initial phase of the run in triathlon: influence on overall performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(6), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1322-0
  • Hue, O. (2011). The Challenge of Performing Aerobic Exercise in Tropical Environments: Applied
  • Knowledge and Perspectives. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(4), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.443
  • ITU International Triathlon Union. (2017a). ITU Competition Results. Retrieved 9-09, 2016, from http://www.triathlon.org/results
  • ITU International Triathlon Union. (2017b, Mayo-2017). ITU Competition Rules. Retrieved 9-09, 2016, from http://www.triathlon.org/about/documents
  • Jaenes Sánchez, J. C., Peñaloza Gómez, R., Navarrete Dueñas, K. G., & Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, M. R. (2012). Ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitiva en triatletas. Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte, 7(1), 113-124.
  • Jeukendrup, A. E., Jentjens, R., & Moseley, L. (2005). Nutritional considerations in triathlon. Sports Medicine, 35(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535020-00005
  • Johnson, E. C., Pryor, J. L., Casa, D. J., Belval, L. N., Vance, J. S., DeMartini, J. K., . . . Armstrong, L. E. (2015). Bike and run pacing on downhill segments predict Ironman triathlon relative success. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.001
  • Kerr, C. G., Trappe, T. A., Starling, R. D., & Trappe, S. W. (1998). Hyperthermia during Olympic triathlon: influence of body heat storage during the swimming stage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199801000-00014
  • Le Meur, Y., Bernard, T., Dorel, S., Abbiss, C. R., Honnorat, G., Brisswalter, J., & Hausswirth, C. (2011). Relationships Between Triathlon Performance and Pacing Strategy During the Run in an International Competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(2), 183- 194. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.183
  • Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Dorel, S., Bignet, F., Brisswalter, J., & Bernard, T. (2009). Influence of gender on pacing adopted by elite triathletes during a competition. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(4), 535-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1043-4
  • Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Natta, F., Couturier, A., Bignet, F., & Vidal, P. P. (2013). A multidisciplinary approach to overreaching detection in endurance trained athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(3), 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01254.2012
  • Leruite, M., Morente-Sánchez, J., Martos, P., Girela, M. J., & Zabala, M. (2016). Analysis of the Sporting Context of Spanish Female Competitive Cyclists and Triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 16(64), 667-684.
  • Méndez-Giménez, A., & Fernández-Río, J. (2011). Análisis y modificación de los juegos y deportes tradicionales para su adecuada aplicación en el ámbito educativo. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 19, 54-58.
  • Millet, G. P., & Vleck, V. E. (2000). Physiological and biomechanical adaptations to the cycle to run transition in Olympic triathlon: review and practical recommendations for training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 384-390. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.5.384
  • Nacke, L. E., Bateman, C., & Mandryk, R. L. (2011). BrainHex: Preliminary Results from a Neurobiological Gamer Typology Survey. In J. Anacleto, S. Fels, N. Graham, B. Kaparalos, M. S. ElNasr, & K. Stanley (Eds.), Entertainment Computing - Icec 2011 (Vol. 6972, pp. 288-293). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24500-8_31
  • Noakes, T. D. (2007). Drinking guidelines for exercise: What evidence is there that athletes should drink ''as much as tolerable'', ''to replace the weight lost during exercise'' or ''ad libitum''? Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7), 781-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600875036
  • Peeling, P., & Landers, G. (2009). Swimming intensity during triathlon: A review of current research and strategies to enhance race performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(10), 1079-1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903081878
  • Ramos-Campo, D. J., Martínez, F., Esteban, P., Rubio-Arias, J. A., & Jiménez, J. F. (2016). Intermittent hypoxic training and cycling performance in triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 16(61), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.61.011
  • Rivas, L. G., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Norte-Navarro, A., Cejuela, R., Cabanas, M. D., & Martinez-Sanz, J. M. (2015). Body composition and somatotype in university triathletes. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 32(2), 799- 807. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.2.9142
  • Tondello, G. F., Wehbe, R. R., Diamond, L., Busch, M., Marczewski, A., Nacke, L. E., & Acm. (2016). The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale. Chi Play 2016: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1145/2967934.2968082
  • Zapico, A. G., Benito, P. J., Diaz, V., Ruiz, J. R., & Calderon, F. J. (2014). Heart rate profile in highly trained triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 14(56), 619-632. doi: Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista56/artperfil505.htm