Variación del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y su relación con las enfermedades metabólicas

  1. Aguilar Cordero, María José 1
  2. Quirantes Morillas, María 2
  3. Rivero Blanco, Tania 3
  4. Rojas Carvajal, Ana María 3
  5. Pérez Castillo, Íñigo María 3
  6. Sánchez López, Antonio Manuel 3
  1. 1 Departamento de enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada. España. Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
  2. 2 Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España.
  3. 3 Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
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Revista:
Journal of Negative and No Positive Results: JONNPR

ISSN: 2529-850X

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 6

Número: 8

Páginas: 1064-1078

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.19230/JONNPR.4008 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of Negative and No Positive Results: JONNPR

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Introducción. En el embarazo se producen numerosos cambios fisiológicos en las gestantes los cuales pueden llegar a desencadenar potenciales complicaciones y enfermedades cardiovasculares o metabólicas tales como hipertensión gestacional, hiperlipidemia y diabetes mellitus gestacional. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura con objeto de evaluar la relación entre las variaciones del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares. Métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices del modelo PRISMA en la que se incluyeron 22 artículos. Los descriptores empleados incluyeron marcadores del perfil lipídico (HDL, LDL, TG y CT) y las principales patologías metabólicas y cardiovasculares. El idioma se restringió a español e inglés. La revisión fue llevada a cabo durante el año 2019. Resultados. Niveles elevados de colesterol total, LDL y triglicéridos durante el embarazo se asocian con un mayor riesgo de padecer preeclampsia y diabetes mellitus gestacional. Un mayor índice de masa corporal pre gestacional y una mayor ganancia ponderal se relacionan con mayor tasa hiperlipidemia lo cual conlleva a su vez alteraciones vasculares. Conclusiones. Se hace patente la necesidad de reforzar el control preventivo del peso materno trimestral y del perfil lipídico durante la gestación con objeto de prevenir complicaciones del embarazo. Son necesarios estudios centrados en determinados resultados adversos perinatales tales como la macrosomía del recién nacido.  

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet