Sensibilidad a la ansiedad y adicción a los videojuegos en deportistasel rol protector de la dureza mental
- Clara López-Mora 1
- Octavio Álvarez 2
- Juan González-Hernández 3
- Isabel Castillo 2
-
1
Universidad Europea de Valencia
info
Universidad Europea de Valencia
Valencia, España
-
2
Universitat de València
info
-
3
Universidad de Granada
info
ISSN: 1578-8423, 1989-5879
Año de publicación: 2022
Título del ejemplar: CPD1(2022)
Volumen: 22
Número: 1
Páginas: 124-137
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte
Resumen
O uso excessivo e a dependência dos jogos de vídeo entre os atletas é uma preocupação recente e crescente. A sensibilidade à ansiedade é um facto de risco para comportamentos viciantes, tal como a resistência mental, amplamente associada aos atletas, é um elemento protetor. O presente estudo examina as relações entre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental e dependência de jogos de vídeo neste contexto. A amostra foi composta por atletas (n = 98) com idades entre 19-51 anos (M idade = 23,94; T.D. = 7,72) dos quais 64 eram do sexo masculino, 34 do sexo feminino. Aplicando instrumentos descritivos sobre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental, dependência e dependência de jogos de vídeo, os resultados indicaram que um aumento da sensibilidade à ansiedade física ou social correlacionada com uma diminuição da resistência mental, e esta diminuição foi associada a um aumento da tolerância aos jogos de vídeo. A sensibilidade à ansiedade social e física teve efeitos indiretos no abuso e tolerância dos jogos de vídeo através da resistência mental dos atletas. Os resultados são discutidos em torno do papel da resistência mental na compreensão dos problemas de vício dos jogos de vídeo nos atletas.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Adil, A., Jabeen, N., & Yousaf, A. (2019). Mediating role of mental toughness between behavioral systems and depression. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 58(2), 51-58.
- Álvarez, O., Walker, B., & Castillo, I. (2018). Examining motivational correlates of mental toughness in Spanish athletes. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 141-150.
- Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. General Learning Press.
- Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97(5), 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x
- Blinka, L., & Šmahel, D. (2011). Predictors of adolescents' excessive internet use: A comparison across European countries. 15th European Conference on Developmental Psychology (337-341). Medimond.
- Bonanno, P., & Kommers, P. A. (2005). Gender differences and styles in the use of digital games. Educational Psychology, 25(1), 13-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000294877
- Bristow, L. A., Bilevicius, E., Stewart, S. H., Goldstein, A. L., & Keough, M. T. (2018). Solitary gambling mediates the risk pathway from anxiety sensitivity to excessive gambling: Evidence from a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32(6), 689-696. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000395
- Chóliz, M., y Marco, C. (2011). Patrón de uso y dependencia de videojuegos en infancia y adolescencia. Anales de Psicología, 27(2), 418-426.
- Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. Solutions in Sport Psychology, 32-43.
- Cole, S. H., & Hooley, J. M. (2013). Clinical and personality correlates of MMO gaming: Anxiety and absorption in problematic internet use. Social science computer review, 31(4), 424-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439312475280
- Coyne, S. M., Stockdale, L. A., Warburton, W., Gentile, D. A., Yang, C., & Merrill, B. M. (2020). Pathological video game symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A 6-year longitudinal study of trajectories, predictors, and outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 56(7), 1385–1396. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000939
- Crust, L., & Keegan, R. (2010). Mental toughness and attitudes to risk-taking. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.026
- Dalisay, F., Kushin, M. J., Yamamoto, M., Liu, Y. I., & Skalski, P. (2015). Motivations for game play and the social capital and civic potential of video games. New Media & Society, 17(9), 1399-1417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814525753
- Fortier, A. (2018). Making meaning out of social harm in videogames (Doctoral dissertation). Arts & Social Sciences: School of Criminology.
- Fortier, S. (20 de Julio de 2018) Are pro athletes playing too much Fortnite? Some teams are worried. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/are-pro-athletes-playing-too-much-fortnite-some-teams-are-worried/2018/07/20/664d5ffe-8ab5-11e8-85ae-511bc1146b0b_story.html
- Gentile, D. (2009). Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study. Psychological science, 20(5), 594-602. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x
- Gentile, D. A., Bailey, K., Bavelier, D., Brockmyer, J. F., Cash, H., Coyne, S. M., ... & Young, K. (2017). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S81-S85. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758h
- Gerber, M., Brand, S., Feldmeth, A. K., Lang, C., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2013a). Adolescents with high mental toughness adapt better to perceived stress: A longitudinal study with Swiss vocational students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 808-814.
- Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Perry, J. L., Pühse, U., ... & Brand, S. (2013b). Are adolescents with high mental toughness levels more resilient against stress?. Stress and Health, 29(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.003
- Goel, D., Subramanyam, A., & Kamath, R. (2013). A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in Indian adolescents. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 140. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.111451
- Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., Compton, W., ... & Kaplan, K. (2006). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcohol Research & Health, 29(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807
- Griffiths, M. D. (2008a). Diagnosis and management of video game addiction. New directions in addiction treatment and prevention (12), 27-41.
- Griffiths, M. D. (2008b). Internet and video-game addiction. En C. Essau (Ed.), Adolescent addiction: Epidemiology, assessment and treatment (pp. 231-267). Elsevier.
- Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction: Some case study evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9229-x
- Godoy-Izquierdo, D., & Godoy, J. F. (2002). La personalidad resistente: una revisión de la conceptualización e investigación sobre la dureza. Clínica y salud, 13(2), 135-162.
- Gucciardi, D. F., & Jones, M. I. (2012). Beyond optimal performance: Mental toughness profiles and developmental success in adolescent cricketers. Journal of Sport and exercise Psychology, 34(1), 16-36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.1.16
- Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079
- Gunuc, S. (2015). Relationships and associations between video game and Internet addictions: Is tolerance a symptom seen in all conditions. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.063
- Haghighi, M., & Gerber, M. (2019). Does mental toughness buffer the relationship between perceived stress, depression, burnout, anxiety, and sleep? International Journal of Stress Management, 26(3), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000106
- Hauge, M. R., & Gentile, D. A. (2003, April). Video game addiction among adolescents: Associations with academic performance and aggression. In Society for Research in Child Development Conference.
- Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter?. Psychological Science, 24(10), 1918-1927. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613480187
- Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2010). Metodología de la investigación (5ª ed.). McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
- Hodgins, D. C., Schopflocher, D. P., Martin, C. R., el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Currie, S. R., ... & Williams, R. J. (2012). Disordered gambling among higher-frequency gamblers: who is at risk? Psychological medicine, 42(11), 2433. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000724
- Hyun, G. J., Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Kang, K. D., Yoo, S. K., Chung, U. S., & Renshaw, P. F. (2015). Risk factors associated with online game addiction: A hierarchical model. Computers in human behavior, 48, 706-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.008
- Jiménez-Murcia, S., Fernández-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Chóliz, M., La Verde, M., Aguglia, E.,... & del Pino-Gutiérrez, A. (2014). Video game addiction in gambling disorder: Clinical, psychopathological, and personality correlates. BioMed Research International (14)1, 11, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/315062
- Kahn, A. S., Shen, C., Lu, L., Ratan, R. A., Coary, S., Hou, J., ... & Williams, D. (2015). The Trojan Player Typology: A cross-genre, cross-cultural, behaviorally validated scale of video game play motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 354-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.018
- Keepers, G. A. (1990). Pathological preoccupation with video games. Journal of the American academy of child & adolescent psychiatry, 29(1), 49-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199001000-00009
- Keough, M. T., Hines, S., Winslade, A., & O’Connor, R. M. (2015). Negative urgency and gender moderate the association between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol-related problems. Journal of Addiction & Prevention, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.13188/2330-2178.1000018
- Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., LaBrie, R., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Winters, K. C., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological medicine, 38(9), 1351. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708002900
- Kristjánsdóttir, H., Erlingsdóttir, A. V., Sveinsson, G., & Saavedra, J. M. (2018). Psychological skills, mental toughness and anxiety in elite handball players. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.011
- Kuczmierczyk, A. R., Walley, P. B., & Calhoun, K. S. (1987). Relaxation training, in vivo exposure and response-prevention in the treatment of compulsive video-game playing. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 16(4), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506078709455801
- Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012a). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. Journal of behavioral addictions, 1(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.1.2012.1.1
- Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012b). Internet and gaming addiction: a systematic literature review of neuroimaging studies. Brain sciences, 2(3), 347-374. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030347
- Lüthi, A., & Lüscher, C. (2014). Pathological circuit function underlying addiction and anxiety disorders. Nature neuroscience, 17(12), 1635-1643. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3849
- Männikkö, N., Billieux, J., & Kääriäinen, M. (2015). Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. Journal of behavioral addictions, 4(4), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.040
- Mentzoni, R. A., Brunborg, G. S., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Hetland, J., & Pallesen, S. (2011). Problematic video game use: estimated prevalence and associations with mental and physical health. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(10), 591-596. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0260
- Merikangas, K. R., Mehta, R. L., Molnar, B. E., Walters, E. E., Swendsen, J. D., Aguilar-Gaziola, S., ... & Kolody, B. (1998). Comorbidity of substance use disorders with mood and anxiety disorders: results of the International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. Addictive behaviors, 23(6), 893-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00076-8
- Molina, J., Sandín, B., & Chorot, P. (2014). Sensibilidad a la ansiedad y presión psicológica: Efectos sobre el rendimiento deportivo en adolescentes. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1578-84232014000100006
- Mutz, J., Clough, P.J., & Pagageorgiou, K.A. (2017). Do individual differences in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between mental toughness and symptoms of depression? Journal of Individual Differences, 38, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000224
- OMS (2018). Clasificación International de Enfermedades. Undécima Edición Ginebra.
- Orús, A. (29 de abril de 2020) Industria del videojuego en España - Datos estadísticos. Statista. https://es.statista.com/temas/2851/industria-del-videojuego-en-espana/
- Philip B. & Kommers, P. A. M. (2005). Gender differences and styles in the use of digital games. Educational Psychology, 25(1), 13-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341042000294877
- Prot, S., & Gentile, D. A. (2014). Applying risk and resilience models to predicting the effects of media violence on development. Advances in child development and behavior, 46, 215-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800285-8.00008-x
- Rideout, V., & Robb, M. B. (2019). The Common Sense census: Media use by tweens and teens. Common Sense Media.
- Sanderson, J., Browning, B., & DeHay, H. (2020). " It's the universal language:" Investigating student-athletes' use of and motivations for playing Fortnite. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 13, 22-44.
- Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Chorot, P., & Germán, M. A. S. (2007). ASI-3: Nueva escala para la evaluación de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 12(2), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.12.num.2.2007.4036
- Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition anxiety, motivation, and mental toughness in golf. Journal of applied sport psychology, 28(3), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219
- Sepkowitz, L. (2018, March 20). ‘It took over my life’: Inside NBA players Fortnite addiction. Retrieved from https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2765469-it-took-my-life-over-insidenba-players-fortnite-addiction
- Soleimani, M. A., Pahlevan Sharif, S., Yaghoobzadeh, A., & Ong, S. (2016). Relationship between hardiness and addiction potential in medical students. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 10(4), e6225. https://doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs-6225
- Stewart, S. H., & Kushner, M. G. (2001). Introduction to the special issue on “Anxiety Sensitivity and Addictive Behaviors”. Addictive Behaviors, 26(6), 775-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00236-2
- Stockdale, L., & Coyne, S. M. (2018). Video game addiction in emerging adulthood: Cross-sectional evidence of pathology in video game addicts as compared to matched healthy controls. Journal of affective disorders, 225, 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.045
- Taylor, S., Zvolensky, M. J., Cox, B. J., Deacon, B., Heimberg, R. G., Ledley, D. R., y Cárdenas, S. J. (2007). Robust dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: development and initial validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. Psychological Assessment, 19, 176–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.2.176
- Thelwell, R., Weston, N., & Greenlees, I. (2005). Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer. Journal of applied sport psychology, 17(4), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200500313636
- Thomas, A. C., Sullivan, G. B., & Allen, F. C. L. (2009). A theoretical model of EGM problem gambling: More than a cognitive escape. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-008-9152-6
- Van Rooij AJ, Schoenmakers TM, Vermulst AA, Van den Eijnden RJ, Van de Mheen D. (2011). Online video game addiction: identification of addicted adolescent gamers. Addiction, 106(1), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03104.x
- Vella, K., Johnson, D., Cheng, V. W. S., Davenport, T., Mitchell, J., Klarkowski, M., & Phillips, C. (2019). A sense of belonging: Pokémon GO and social connectedness. Games and Culture, 14(6), 583-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412017719973
- Vondráčková, P., & Gabrhelík, R. (2016). Prevention of Internet addiction: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 568–579. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.085
- Wang, J. J., Wang, X., & Li, L. Y. (2014). The relationship between College Students' Internet addiction and mental toughness. Theory Research, 03.
- Ward, M. R. (2018). Cutting class to play video games. Information Economics and Policy, 42, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.10.001
- Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., & Thomasius, R. (2020). Internet gaming disorder and problematic social media use in a representative sample of German adolescents: Prevalence estimates, comorbid depressive symptoms and related psychosocial aspects. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.014
- Weiser, E. B. (2000). Gender differences in Internet use patterns and Internet application preferences: A two-sample comparison. Cyberpsychology and behavior, 3(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493100316012
- Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2001). Stress and anxiety. In R. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 290-318). Wiley.
- Zalewska, A. M., Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz, B., Clough, P. J., & Dagnall, N. (2019). Mental toughness development through adolescence: Effects of age group and community size. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 47(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7376