Actividad física, hábitos sedentarios y riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes

Résumé

Abstract The aims of the present dissertation were to examine the cross-sectional associations between (i) objectively measured physical activity (PA) and conventional cardiometabolic risk factors; (ii) objectively measured PA and emerging cardiometabolic risk factors; (iii) objectively measured sedentary time and conventional cardiometabolic risk factors; (iv) and objectively measured sedentary time and emerging cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. This study comprised a total of 232 adolescents (113 girls), aged 13 to 17 years. PA and sedentary time was assessed by accelerometry for 7-day. The 20-m shuttle-run test was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Body mass index, sum of 6 skindfolds, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-1 y B-100, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, C3 and C4 complement factors, adiponectin, and leptin levels were determined. The main findings found in the current dissertation suggest that: (i) levels of PA, mainly vigorous PA, might have a positive influence on conventional cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents by CRF (indirect role), particularly in unfit adolescents; (ii) levels of PA, particularly vigorous PA, might have a positive influence on emerging cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents by decreasing leptin levels (direct role) and through improvements of CRF and body fat (indirect role); (iii) sedentary time might have certain negative influence on some conventional cardiometabolic risks in adolescents, especially in adolescents with high levels of body fat; (iv) and there was no evidence regarding the plausible negative influence of sedentary time on novel cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.