Burnout y optimismo en psicología de la actividad física y el deporteun estudio en deportistas universitarios

Resumen

BURNOUT AND OPTIMISM IN PSYCHOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORTS: A STUDY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Estefanía Marín Pérez Abstract: It present research focuses on the study of burnout and its relationship with dispositional optimism in an athletic population. The objective of the study was to characterize the sample according to sociodemographic and sports variables (gender, age, sport, whether or not it is federated, whether or not it competes, weekly hours practicing sport and years of practicing sport), burnout and its dimensions in sportsmen, characterize the level of dispositional optimism and its dimensions in sportsmen, to describe if there are statistically significant differences in the level of burnout and the level of dispositional optimism according to sociodemographic and sports variables, to establish the correlation between burnout And optimism in sportsmen and investigate if there are statistically significant differences between the dimensions of burnout and those of dispositional optimism. To carry out this study we have a sample of 300 university athletes. Three self-administered questionnaires were used: a general sociodemographic and sport questionnaire, and two self-assessment questionnaires, the IBD-R (Garces de los Fayos, De Francisco and Arce, 2012) to measure burnout and LOT- Carver and Bridges, 1994) for optimism. The main conclusions of the study allow us to confirm that optimism is negatively related to all the dimensions of burnout, so that as optimism increases, the scores on the different dimensions of burnout decrease. With respect to burnout, there is no relation between weekly training hours, years that are practicing sports or age. In relation to the dimensions of burnout, and specifically for emotional exhaustion, there are only significant differences in the federated / non-federated variable, with federates having higher scores. For depersonalization and reduced personal fulfillment we find significant differences for the variables gender, federated and compete. Specifically the highest scores in depersonalization are found in men who are federated and competing, while for low personal fulfillment we find them in men, not federated and who do not compete. In relation to optimism, this is presented as a variable associated mainly with sports practice, since the highest scores are found in older, federated, competing athletes, with more weekly hours and years of sports practice. There are only significant differences in gender, with men more optimistic than women.