Meta-análisis de la eficacia de intervenciones psicológicas en menores refugiados

  1. Irene Yus
  2. Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
  3. Raúl Quevedo-Blasco
Revista:
Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

ISSN: 2171-2069

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 14

Número: 1

Páginas: 26-39

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.23923/J.RIPS.2023.01.063 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

Resumen

Antecedes/objetivo: Las personas refugiadas constituyen un grupo de población especialmente afectado por la violencia. Esta exposición temprana violenta en los menores tiene consecuencias adversas en el desarrollo, aumentando la probabilidad de sufrir nuevos episodios de victimización en el futuro. Ante esta situación, se han desarrollado diferentes intervenciones psicológicas con el fin de proteger la salud mental de los menores y evitar que sus experiencias traumáticas les confieran una vulnerabilidad añadida. Este meta-análisis se propuso investigar la eficacia de estas intervenciones, así como los efectos del tipo de intervención (moderador). Método: Un total de 22 estudios primarios que estudiaron el efecto de la intervención psicológica en el trauma (ansiedad, depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático) fueron seleccionados, obteniendo un total de 39 tamaños del efecto. Se ejecutó un meta-análisis de los tamaños del efecto (d) ponderando por la inversa de la varianza y asumiendo un modelo de efectos fijos. Resultados: La intervención psicológica resultó clínicamente significativa y con una magnitud igual del efecto en los marcadores de salud del trauma: el tratamiento del estrés postraumático (d = 0,96, IC 95%[0,60, 1,32]), depresión (d = 0,74, IC 95%[0,31, 1,17]) y ansiedad (d = 0,57, IC 95%[0,29, 0,86]). Por el tipo de intervención, en ansiedad encontramos resultados homogéneos (todas las intervenciones son efectivas por un igual), en depresión hallamos heterogeneidad inter-estudios, pero el tipo de intervención no resultó en efectos diferentes, y en estrés postraumático la técnica Terapia de Sistemas de Trauma no resultó en un efecto de mejora significativo. Conclusiones: La intervención en menores refugiados en los marcadores del trauma es, en general, efectiva. No obstante, se necesitan más estudios para establecer qué intervenciones son las más efectivas para reestablecer la salud mental de estos menores.

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