Afrontamiento del abuso sexual infantil y ajuste psicológico a largo

  1. Cantón Cortés, David
  2. Justicia Justicia, Fernando
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2008

Volumen: 20

Número: 4

Páginas: 509-515

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar las consecuencias a largo plazo del Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) sobre el ajuste psicológico de estudiantes universitarios, así como comprobar los efectos en dicho ajuste del empleo de diversas estrategias de afrontamiento de evitación y aproximativas. Participaron 1.162 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada. Los datos sobre el ASI se obtuvieron mediante un Cuestionario elaborado con esta finalidad. Para evaluar las estrategias de afrontamiento se utilizó la escala How I deal with Things, de Burt y Katz, mientras que la depresión y autoestima se determinaron mediante el Beck Depression Inventory y la Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, respectivamente. Los participantes víctimas de ASI, frente al grupo de comparación, presentaron puntuaciones significativamente superiores en depresión e inferiores en autoestima. El análisis de las estrategias de afrontamiento reveló que únicamente el empleo de estrategias de evitación se relacionaba con el ajuste psicológico, mostrando los participantes que hacen uso de ellas puntuaciones superiores en depresión e inferiores en autoestima. Los resultados confirman la idea de que el ASI supone una experiencia de riesgo que puede afectar en mayor o menor medida al ajuste de las víctimas en función de la estrategia de afrontamiento utilizada.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alexander, P.C. (1992). Application of attachment theory to the study of sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 185-195.
  • Bal, S., Van Oost, P., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., y Crombez, G. (2003). Avoidant coping as a mediator between self-reported sexual abuse and stress-related symptoms in adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(8), 883-897.
  • Banyard, V.L. (2003). Explaining links between sexual abuse and psychological distress: Identifying mediating processes. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(8), 869-875.
  • Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., y Erbaugh, J. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
  • Brand, B.L., y Alexander, P.C. (2003). Coping with incest: The relationship between recollections of childhood coping and adult functioning in female survivors of incest. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(3), 285- 293.
  • Burt, M.R., y Katz, B.L. (1987). Dimensions of recovery from rape: Focus on growth outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(1), 57-81.
  • Cantón, J., y Cortés, M.R. (2003). Guía para la evaluación del abuso sexual infantil. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Cantón, J., y Cortés, M.R. (2004). Malos tratos y abuso sexual infantil, 5ª ed. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
  • Chaffin, M., Wherry, J.N., y Dykman, R. (1997). School age children’s coping with sexual abuse: Abuse stresses and symptoms associated with four coping strategies. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(2), 227-240.
  • Conde, V., Esteban, T., y Useros, E. (1976). Revisión crítica de la adaptación castellana del cuestionario de Beck. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 31, 469-497.
  • Daigneault, I., Hébert, M., y Tourigny, M. (2006). Attributions and coping in sexually abused adolescents referred for group treatment. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15, 35-59.
  • Del Campo, A., y López, F. (2006). Evaluación de un programa de prevención de abuso sexual a menores en educación primaria. Psicothema, 18(1), 1-8.
  • Filipas, H.H., y Ullman, S.E. (2006). Child sexual abuse, coping responses, self-blame, posttraumatic stress disorder, and adult sexual revictimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(5), 652-672.
  • Finkelhor, D., y Browne, A. (1985). The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 530-541.
  • Finkelhor, D., y Dziuba-Leatherman, J. (1994). Children as victims of violence: A national survey. Pediatrics, 84, 413-420.
  • Godbout, N., Lussier, Y., y Sabourin, S. (2006). Early abuse experiences and subsequent gender differences in couple adjustment. Violence and Victims, 21(6), 744-760.
  • Gorey, K.M., y Leslie D.R. (1997). The prevalence of child sexual abuse: Integrative review adjustment for potential response and measurement biases. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(4), 391-8.
  • Hartman, C.R., y Burgess, A.W. (1989). Sexual abuse on children: Causes and consequences. En D. Cichetti y V. Carlson (comps.): Child Maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Halperin, D.S., Bouvier, P., Jaffe, P.D., Monoud, R.L., Pawlak, C.H., Laederach, J. et al. (1996). Prevalence of child sexual abuse among adolescent in Geneva: Results of a cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 312, 1326-1329.
  • Hardt, J., y Rutter, M. (2004). Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(2), 260-273.
  • Harvey, M. (1996). An ecological view of psychological trauma and trauma recovery. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 3-23.
  • Hébert, M., Tremblay, C., Parent, N., Daignault, I.V., y Piché, C. (2006). Correlates of behavioral outcomes in sexually abused children. Journal of Family Violence, 21(5), 287-299.
  • Leitenberg, H., Greenwald, E., y Cado, S. (1992). A retrospective study of long-term methods of coping with having been sexually abuse during childhood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16(3), 399-407.
  • Levitan, R.D., Rector, N.A., Sheldon, T., y Goering, P. (2003). Childhood adversities associated with major depression and/or anxiety disorders in a community sample of Ontario: Issues of comorbidity and specificity. Depression and Anxiety, 17(1), 34-43.
  • López, F., Carpintero, E., Hernández, A., Martín, M.J., y Fuertes, A. (1995). Prevalencia y consecuencias del abuso sexual al menor en España. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(9), 1039-1050.
  • Pereda, N., y Forns, M. (2007). Prevalencia y características del abuso sexual infantil en estudiantes universitarios españoles. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(4), 417-426.
  • Pickering, A., Farmer, A., y McGuffin, P. (2004). The role of personality in childhood sexual abuse. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1295-1303.
  • Merrill, L.L., Thomsen, C.J., Sinclair, B.B., Gold, S.R., y Milner, J.S. (2001). Predicting the impact of child sexual abuse on women: The role of abuse severity, parental support, and coping strategies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 992-1006.
  • Merrill, L.L., Guimond, J.M., y Thomsen, C.J. (2003). Child sexual abuse and number of sexual partners in young women: The role of abuse severity, coping style, and sexual functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(6), 987-996.
  • Rind, B., Tromovich, P., y Bauserman, R. (1998). A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 22-53.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). The association between self-esteem and anxiety. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1, 135-152.
  • Rosenthal, M.Z., Rasmussen, M.L., Palm, K.M., Batten, S.V., y Follette, V. M. (2005). Chronic avoidance helps explain the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(4), 25-41.
  • Roth, S., y Cohen, L.J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41, 813-819.
  • Roy, A., y Janal, M. (2006). Gender in suicide attempt rates and childhood sexual abuse rates: Is there an interaction? Suicide and LifeThreatening Behavior, 36(3), 329-335.
  • Runtz, M.G., y Schallow, J. R. (1997). Social support and coping strategies as mediators. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(2), 211-226.
  • Salanova, M., Grau, R.M., y Martínez, I.M. (2005). Demandas laborales y conductas de afrontamiento: el rol modulador de la autoeficacia profesional. Psicothema, 17(3), 390-395.
  • Shapiro, D.L., y Levendosky, A.A. (1999). Adolescent survivors of childhood sexual abuse: The mediating role of attachment style and coping in psychological and interpersonal functioning. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23(11), 1175-1191.
  • Spaccarelli, S. (1994). Stress, appraisal, and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 340- 362.
  • Steel, J., Sanna, L., Hammond, B., Whipple, J., y Cross, H. (2004). Psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: Abuse-related characteristics, coping strategies, and attributional style. Child Abuse and Neglect, 28(7), 785-801.
  • Stevenson, W., Maton, K.I., y Teti, D.M. (1999). Social support, relationship quality, and well-being among pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 22(1), 109-121.
  • Tremblay, C., Hebert, M., y Piché, C. (1999). Coping strategies and social support as mediators of consequences in child sexual abuse victims. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23(9), 929-945.
  • Velasco, C., Fernández, I., Páez, D., y Campos, M. (2006). Perceived emotional intelligence, alexithymia, coping and emotional regulation. Psicothema, 18, supl, 89-94.
  • Wind, T.W., y Silvern, L. (1994). Parenting and family stress as mediators of the long-term effects of child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, 439-453.
  • Wolfe, V.V., Gentile, C., y Wolfe, D.A. (1989). The impact of sexual abuse on children: A PTSD formulation. Behavior Therapy, 20, 215- 228.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet