Los discapacitados y otros sujetos vulnerables en el campo de los flujos migratorios

Abstract

This research focuses its attention on disabled immigrants and on all other "vulnerable persons" in the context of migratory flows, mentioned in the Legislative Decree n. 142/2015. In the first part of the work we analyze the data on immigration in Italy, its specificities and with the contribution of sociology, the theoretical models concerning integration first and then those concerning disability. Finally, the international standards are examined, especially those in the EU regarding disability, finally, the national ones that regulate school integration, work and welfare benefits in favor of foreign disabled persons. In the second part of the work we proceed to the study of the other typologies of "vulnerable subjects": from migrant women to elderly migrants and pregnant migrant women, from unaccompanied minors, to victims of trafficking and to the same minors victims of trafficking, to victims of genital mutilation and forced marriages. These are types of subjects with special needs and to whom fundamental rights must be guaranteed. The relative regulations in force if on the one hand place Italy in a leading position compared to other European countries, on the other they are often ineffective due to lack of funding. Consequently, the problems associated with "vulnerable subjects" often remain unresolved both for economic reasons linked to the holding of the "Italy system" characterized by a very high public debt, and for a creeping political propaganda that exploiting the economic crisis and the unease of the less well-off classes , makes it much more difficult for the institutions to take charge of the actual needs of these subjects, leading to a decisive outcom.