Revisión sistémica:Factores que afectan a la cicatrización de las heridas.

Resum

INTRODUCTION: The damaged tissues are tried to repair by means of healing which is the process that generates a new tissue that does not present functions of the original tissue or through the regeneration that implies the creation of new tissue, identical to the original and with its same functions. Scarring is a process of overlapping reactions, through which the repair of the injured tissue occurs, this process is divided into three phases, phases of inflammation consists of preparing the wound for healing, subsequently appears the proliferation phase to reconstruct the structures and strengthen the herisa, finally the maturation phase is the last phase where the scar tissue is modified until its healing. OBJECTIVE: Conduct a literature review of current scientific evidence on factors affecting wound healing. METHODOLOGY: A narrative review of the latest scientific evidence from journals indexed in the databases Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Cuiden,Scielo. RESULTS: There are different factors that affect healing, local factors, and general or systemic factors. On the one hand, local factors include size, tension, pressure, humidity, tissue manipulation, vascularization, bleeding, contamination and infection, hypovolemia, oxygen, temperature, edema, use of inappropriate drugs, inadequate processes, foreign bodies, non-viable tissue and exudate. On the other hand, general or systemic factors include anatomical location, age, sex, race, nutritional status, smoking, and some associated pathologies and treatments. CONCLUSION: The nursing professional should know each of these factors that affect the healing of wounds for the correct choice of treatment and thus avoid alterations or dysfunctions in the healing process.