Una contribución a la conceptualización del maltrato al profesorado

  1. Mohamed Mohamed, Mohamed 1
  2. Justicia, Fernando 1
  3. Justicia Arraez, Ana 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Psicología evolutiva y de la educación Universidad de Granada
Revista:
International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology: INFAD. Revista de Psicología

ISSN: 0214-9877

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: ABOUT THE SOCIAL AND THE MENTAL HEALTH

Volumen: 1

Número: 1

Páginas: 31-38

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.17060/IJODAEP.2023.N1.V1.2472 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology: INFAD. Revista de Psicología

Resumen

El maltrato al profesorado es un fenómeno global presente en muchos centros educativos. Los estudios sobre este maltrato se iniciaron tímidamente a finales de los 90 y se han multiplicado en la última década generando conciencia sobre la gravedad de sus consecuencias para las víctimas. Si la definición del maltrato entre iguales (bullying) ha gozado de un amplio consenso entre los expertos sobre los criterios a tener en cuenta para su definición y caracterización (intencionalidad, reiteración, desequilibrio de poder e incapacidad para defenderse), la definición del maltrato al profesorado no ha gozado del mismo consenso. En este sentido, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es contribuir a la comprensión del maltrato sufrido por el profesorado, analizando para ello las distintas definiciones que se han formulado sobre este tema. Finalmente resaltamos aquellos aspectos en los que parece haber cierto acuerdo en torno a la definición del maltrato al profesorado, como son la agresividad y la reiteración; y señalamos aquellos en cuanto a los que no hay tanto consenso como es la presencia del desequilibrio de poder y la intencionalidad

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adewusi, A. G. (2021). Learner-teacher targeted bullying in South African high schools. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 26(4), 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2021.1984100
  • Akiba, M. (2004). Nature and correlates of Ijime—Bullying in Japanese middle school. International Journal of Educational Research, 41(3), 216–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2005.07.002
  • Anderman, E. M., Eseplage, D. L., Reddy, L. A., McMahon, S. D., Martinez, A., Lane, K. L., Reynolds, C., & Paul, N. (2018). Teachers’ reactions to experiences of violence: an attributional analysis. Social Psychology of Education, 21(3), 621–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9438-x
  • Arora, C. M. J. (1996). Defining Bullying. Towards a clearer General Understanding and more effective interventions strategies. School Psychology International, 17, 317–329.
  • Asio, J. M. R. (2019). Students bullying teachers: Understanding and behavior of college students from a higher education institution. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 3(2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.2019254157
  • Baron, R. A. (1977). Aggression: Definitions and Perspectives. En A. Baron (Ed.) Human Aggression (pp. 1–38). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7195-7_1
  • Bauman, S., Meter, D. J., Nixon, C., & Davis, S. (2016). Targets of peer mistreatment: Do they tell adults? What happens when they do? Teaching and Teacher Education, 57, 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.03.013
  • Benítez, J. L., Berbén, A. B., & Fernández, M. (2006). El maltrato entre alumnos: conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes de los futuros docentes. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 24(2), 329-352.
  • Billett, P., Rochelle, Fogelgarn., & Burns, E. (2019). Teacher Targeted Bullying and Harassment by Students and Parents: Report from an Australian Exploratory Survey. La Trobe University, April. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18730.06083
  • Burns, E. A., Fogelgarn, R., & Billett, P. (2020). Teacher-targeted bullying and harassment in Australian schools: a challenge to teacher wellbeing. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 41(4), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2020.1755227
  • Byongook, M., Merry, M., & McCluskey, J. (2021). Student Violence Directed Against Teachers: Victimized Teachers’ Reports to School Officials and Satisfaction With School Responses. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13–14), 7264–7283. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260519825883
  • Cemalo lu, N. (2011). Primary principals’ leadership styles, school organizational health and workplace bullying. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(5), 495–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220802067680
  • Chen, J. K., & Astor, R. A. (2009). Students’ reports of violence against teachers in Taiwanese schools. Journal of School Violence, 8(1), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220802067680
  • Conde Vélez, S., & Ávila Fernandez, J. A. (2018). Influence of bystanders on aggression and a sense of school bullying | Influencia de los observadores sobre la agresión y el sentimiento de maltrato escolar. Psychology, Society and Education, 10(2), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v10i1.1021
  • Curran, F. C., Viano, S. L., & Fisher, B. W. (2017). Teacher victimization, turnover, and contextual factors promoting resilience. Journal of School Violence, 18(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1368394
  • De Wet, C., & Jacobs, L. (2013). South African teachers’ exposure to workplace bullying. The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 9(3), 446–464. https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v9i3.190
  • Del Rey, R., & Ortega, R. (2007). Violencia escolar: claves para comprenderla y afrontarla. Escuela Abierta, 10,77–89.
  • Díaz-Aguado Jalón, M. J. (2005). La violencia entre iguales en la adolescencia y su prevención desde la escuela. Psicothema, 17, 549–558. https://www.mendeley.com/viewer/?fileId=22cbc010-7a46-c619-4d4d-365686dbf066&documentId=ce68d6bf-52e7-3088-85e8-9e58842e9c23
  • Duncan, D. J., & Riley, D. (2005). Staff bullying in catholic schools. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education, 10(1), 47–58.
  • Dworkin, A. G., Haney, D. C. A., & Telschow, R. L. (1988). Fear, victimization, and stress among urban public school teachers. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 9, 159–171.
  • Dzuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2007). Student Violence Against Teachers. European Psychologist, 12(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.12.4.253
  • Einarsen, S. (2005). The nature, causes and consequences of bullying at work: The Norwegian experience. Perspectives Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Travail et La Santé, 7–3. https://doi.org/10.4000/pistes.3156
  • Eisenberg, M. E., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Perry, C. L. (2003). Peer harassment, school connectedness, and academic achievement. Journal of School Health, 73(8), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb06588.x
  • Erazo, O. (2012). Scholar bullying, actors and features. Revista Vanguardia Psicológica, 3(1), 80–102.
  • Espelage, D., Anderman, E. M., Brown, V. E., Jones, A., Lane, K. L., McMahon, S. D., Reddy, L. A., & Reynolds, C. R. (2013). Understanding and preventing violence directed against teachers: Recommendations for a national research, practice, and policy agenda. American Psychologist, 68(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1037/a003130
  • Foley, C., May, D. C., Blevins, K. R., & Akers, J. (2015). An Exploratory Analysis of Cyber-Harassment of K-12 Teachers by Parents in Public School Settings. Educational Policy, 29(6), 879–902. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904814550071
  • Garrett, L. (2014). The Student Bullying of Teachers: An Exploration of the Nature of the Phenomenon and the Ways in which it is Experienced by Teachers. Aigne, 5, 19–40.
  • Gladden, M. R., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Department of Education. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/bullying-definitions-final-a.pdf
  • Gloppen, K. M., Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2017). Associations Between Peer Harassment and School Risk and Protection Profiles. Journal of School Health, 87(11), 832–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12557
  • Gul, F., Jabeen, S., & Hanif, S. (2022). Perception and Behavior of Teachers about Teacher Targeted Bullying and its Prevention in Tertiary Education Institutes. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 4(2). www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/sbsee
  • Hodges, E. V. E., & Peery, D. G. (1996). Victims of peer abuse: An overview. Reclaiming Children and Youth: Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 5(1), 23–28.
  • Hunt Mitchell, L. (2016). The Role of Prevention in Deterring Teachers Bullied by Students. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(4), 300. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n4p300
  • Jacobs, L., & Teise, K. L. G. (2019). Educators’ subjective experiences of workplace bullying within a perceived neoliberalist education system. South African Journal of Education, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39n4a1868
  • Karmaliani, R., Mcfarlane, J., Somani, R., Khuwaja, H. M. A., Bhamani, S. S., Ali, T. S., Gulzar, S., Somani, Y., Chirwa, E. D., & Jewkes, R. (2017). Peer violence perpetration and victimization: Prevalence, associated factors and pathways among 1752 sixth grade boys and girls in schools in Pakistan. Plos One, 12(8), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180833
  • Kauppi, T., & Pörhölä, M. (2012). Teachers Bullied by Students: Forms of Bullying and Perpetrator Characteristics. Violence and Victims, 27(3), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.3.396
  • Kõiv, K. (2015). Changes Over a Ten-year Interval in the Prevalence of Teacher Targeted Bullying. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.098
  • Kõiv, K., & Aia-Utsal, M. (2021). Victimized teachers’ experiences about teacher-targeted bullying by students. International Psychological Applications and Trends. https://doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact036
  • Kollerová, L., Kv ton, P., Zábrodská, K., & Janošová, P. (2023). Teacher exhaustion: The effects of disruptive student behaviors, victimization by workplace bullying, and social support from colleagues. Social Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09779-x
  • Martinez, A., McMahon, S. D., Espelage, D., Anderman, E. M., Reddy, L. A., & Sanchez, B. (2016). Teachers’ Experiences With Multiple Victimization: Identifying Demographic, Cognitive, and Contextual Correlates. Journal of School Violence, 15(4), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2015.1056879
  • McMahon, S. D., Peist, E., Davis, J. O., McConnell, E., Reaves, S., Reddy, L. A., Anderman, E. M., & Espelage,D. L. (2020). Addressing violence against teachers: A social-ecological analysis of teachers’ perspectives. Psychology in the Schools, 57(7), 1040–1056. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22382
  • Mitchell, K. J., Segura, A., Jones, L. M., & Turner, H. A. (2018). Poly-Victimization and Peer Harassment Involvement in a Technological World. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(5), 762–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517744846
  • Moon, B., & McCluskey, J. (2016). School-Based Victimization of Teachers in Korea: Focusing on Individual and School Characteristics. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(7), 1340–1361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514564156
  • Moon, B., Saw, G., & McCluskey, J. (2020). Teacher Victimization and Turnover: Focusing on Different Types and Multiple Victimization. Journal of School Violence, 19(3), 406–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2020.1725529
  • Navarrete-Galiano, R. (2009). The media and social awareness Spain face of harassment in school. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 15, 335–345. https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/29258
  • Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: bullies and whipping boys (1st ed.). Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. https://search.proquest.com/docview/38160959?accountid=14542
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell.
  • Olweus, D. (1996). The revised Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire. Research Center for Health Promotion. University of Bergen.
  • Olweus, D. (1997). Bully / victim problems in school: Facts and intervention. European Journal of Psychology of
  • Education, 7(4), 495–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172807
  • Ortega, R. (1998). Agresividad, indisciplina y violencia entre iguales. In R. Ortega (Ed.), La convivencia escolar: qué es y cómo abordarla. Consejería de Educación y Ciencia. Junta de Andalucía.
  • Peña-Casares, M. J., & Aguaded-Ramírez, E. (2021). Inteligencia emocional, bienestar y acoso escolar en estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 13(1), 79–92. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/JSHR/article/view/87372
  • Pervin, K., & Turner, A. (1998). A Study of Bullying of Teachers by Pupils in an Inner London School. Pastoral Care, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0122.00104
  • Prpi , M. (2019). Students’ violence against teachers in relation to school climate. Varstvoslovje, 21(4), 405–425.
  • https://www.bib.irb.hr/1120281/download/1120281.05_Prpic_Rv_2019-4.pdf
  • Ramírez, S., y Justicia, F. (2006). El maltrato entre escolares y otras conductas-problema para la convivencia. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Psicoeducativa, 9(2), 265–290. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2931/293122821007.pdf
  • Rasalingam, A., Clench-Aas, J., & Raanaas, R. K. (2017). Peer Victimization and Related Mental Health Problems in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Parental and Peer Support. Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(8), 1142–1162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616653474
  • Reddy, L. A., Espelage, D. L., Anderman, E. M., Kanrich, J. B., & McMahon, S. D. (2018). Addressing violence against educators through measurement and research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 42, 9–28.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.006
  • Rigby, K. (1999). Peer victimisation at school and the health of secondary school students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(1), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709999157590
  • Riley, D., Duncan, D. J., & Edwards, J. (2011). Staff bullying in Australian schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111102036
  • Rubio Sáiz, M. (2013). Estudio sobre la percepción del profesorado en educación secundaria obligatoria del acoso escolar. Revista de Educación Social, 16. http://www.eduso.net/res.
  • Scheeler, M. C., Markelz, A., Taylor, J. C., Deshpande, D. S., & Wolfe, P. (2022). Teacher Workplace Bullying: How Pervasive is the Problem? Teacher Education and Special Education, 45(2), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/08884064211015698
  • Sungu, H. (2015). Teacher victimization in Turkey: A review of the news on violence against teachers. Anthropologist, 20(3), 694–706. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2015.11891775
  • Terry, A. A. (1998). Teachers as targets of bullying by their pupils: A study to investigate incidence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(2), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1998.tb01288.x
  • Urchaga Litago, J. D., Guevara Ingelmo, R. M.,&y González Alonso, F. (2020). Peer abuse in secondary education by gender and school year.The relationships with equals, school liking and satisfaction with life for bullies and victims. Pedagogia Social, 35, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2020.35.03
  • Valadez, I., Amezcua, R., González, N., Montes, R., & Vargas, V. (2011). Maltrato entre iguales e intento suicida en sujetos adolescentes escolarizados. Rev.latinoam.cienc.soc.niñez juv Vol. 9/2. http://www.umanizales.edu.co/publicaciones/campos/cinde/index.html
  • Van Der Westhuizen, C. N., & Maree, J. G. (2010). Student teachers’ perceptions of violence in primary schools. Acta Criminologica, 23(2), 1–18. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/14809
  • Williams, L. E., Winfree, L. T., & Clinton, L. (1989). Trouble in the Schoolhouse: New Views on Victimization, Fear of Crime, and Teacher Perceptions of the Workplace. Violence and Victims, 4(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.4.1.27
  • Wilson, C. M., Douglas, K. S., & Lyon, D. R. (2011). Violence Against Teachers: Prevalence and Consequences. Journal of interpersonal violence, 26(12), 2353–2371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510383027
  • Woudstra, M. H., Van Rensburg, E. J., Visser, M., & Jordaan, J. (2018). Learner-to-teacher bullying as a potential factor influencing teachers’ mental health. South African Journal of Education, 38(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v38n1a1358
  • Yang, C., Jenkins, L., Fredrick, S. S., Chen, C., Xie, J.-S., & Nickerson, A. B. (2019). Teacher victimization by students in China: A multilevel analysis. Aggressive Behavior, 45(2), 169–180.https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21806