La articulación de la soberanía digital en el marco de la Unión Europea

  1. Margarita Robles Carrillo 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Zeitschrift:
Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo

ISSN: 1138-4026

Datum der Publikation: 2023

Titel der Ausgabe: III Seminario Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias «La Unión Europea ante la guerra de Ucrania»

Jahr: 27

Nummer: 75

Seiten: 133-171

Art: Artikel

Andere Publikationen in: Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo

Zusammenfassung

La soberanía digital europea constituye, desde hace algún tiempo, el núcleo de un discurso político, institucional y doctrinal que se ha trasladado, asimismo, al ámbito normativo, de manera que se está convirtiendo en un componente estructural, funcional y axiológico del modelo digital europeo. Al igual que su antecedente en el mundo físico, se trata de una categoría controvertida por distintos motivos que justifican la necesidad y el interés de su análisis. El primero atiende al contexto mismo en el que ha de operar —el digital— donde convive con un concepto aparentemente similar, pero distinto, que es el denominado principio de soberanía cibernética. En segundo término, se plantea el dilema de su fundamento respecto del que no existe acuerdo en el marco europeo. En tercer lugar, se identifica una problemática conceptual de fondo a la que se suman tanto una relativa imprecisión terminológica como la presencia de diversas propuestas de definición que ilustran, asimismo, sobre la ausencia de consenso al respecto. Finalmente, se encuentra la cuestión de su naturaleza, cuyo examen permite identificar algunos parámetros básicos para la comprensión de la soberanía digital europea como categoría normativa.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Aalberts, T. E. (2004). The future of sovereignty in multilevel governance Europe: a constructivist reading. Journal of Common Market Studies, 42 (1), 23-46. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2004.00475.x.
  • Aktoudianakis, A. (2020). Digital sovereignty for growth, rules and cooperation. Bruselas: European Policy Centre. Disponible en: https://onx.la/1fffa.
  • Allen, S. (2021). European sovereignty in the digital age. Dublin: The Institute of International and European Affairs. Disponible en: https://onx.la/d20d1.
  • Autolitano, S. y Pawlowska, A. (2021). Europe’s quest for digital sovereignty: GAIA-X as a case study. Roma: Istituto Affari Internazionali. Disponible en: https://onx. la/113eb.
  • Avbelj, M. (2020). A sovereign Europe as a future of sovereignty. European Papers, 5 (1), 299-302. Disponible en: https://onx.la/73bec.
  • Avila Pinto, R. (2018). Digital sovereignty or digital colonialism. International Journal on Human Rights, 27. Disponible en: https://onx.la/fc2df.
  • Barbou des Places, S. (2020). Taking the language of European sovereignty seriously. European Papers, 5 (1), 287-297. Disponible en: https://onx.la/5a17a.
  • Bauer, M. y Erixon, F. (2020). Europe’s quest for technology sovereignty: opportunities and pitfalls. Brussels: Centro Europeo para la Economía Política Internacional. Disponible en: https://onx.la/1edf8.
  • Bellamy, R. (2016). A European republic of sovereign States: sovereignty, republicanism and the European Union. European Journal of Political Theory, 16 (2), 188-209. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885116654389.
  • Bellanova, R., Carrapico, H. y Duez, D. (2022). Digital sovereignty and European security. European Security, 21 (3), 337-355. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10. 1080/09662839.2022.2101887.
  • Bifulco, R. y Nato, A. (2020). The concept of sovereignty in the European Union: past, present and the future. Brussels: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme. Disponible en: https://acortar.link/juXWm4.
  • Bjola, C. (2021). The European Union’s quest for digital sovereignty and its implications for the transatlantic relationship. Oxford: Oxford Department of International Development. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/w64kl.
  • Brack, N., Coman, R. y Crespy. A. (2019). Unpacking old and new conflicts of sovereignty in the European polity. Journal of European Integration, 41 (7), 817-832. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1665657.
  • Broeders, D. y Kaminska, M. (2022). European Union digital sovereignty: When top-down meets bottom-up. En D. Broeders, (ed.). Digital sovereignty: from narrative to policy (pp. 9-18). Leiden: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/fui1m.
  • Budnitsky, S. y Jia, L. (2018). Branding internet sovereignty: Digital media and the Chinese-Russian cyberalliance. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21 (5), 594-613. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417751151.
  • Burwell, F. G. y Propp, K. (2020). The European Union and the search for building «Fortress Europe» or preparing for a new world? Washington, D. C.: Atlantic Council. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/mt13f.
  • Calzada, I. (2019). Technological sovereignty: protecting citizens’ digital rights in the Artificial Intelligence driven and post-European Data Protection Regulation Algorithmic and city regional European realm. Regions eZine, 4, 1-17. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2018.00001038.
  • Carrillo Salcedo, J. A. (1995). Soberanía de los Estados y derechos humanos en el Derecho internacional contemporáneo. Madrid: Tecnos.
  • Christakis, T. (2020). European digital sovereignty. Successfully navigating between the «Brussels Effect» and Europe’s quest for strategic autonomy. Grenoble: Data Institute. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3748098.
  • Chander, A. y Sun, H. (2021). Sovereignty 2.0. Washington, D C.: Georgetown University Law Center. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/c6h7k.
  • Couture, S. y Toupin, S. (2019). What does the notion of «sovereignty» mean when referring to the digital? New Media and Society, 21 (10), 2305-2322. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819865984.
  • Crespi, F., Caravella, S., Menghini, M. y Salvatori, Ch. (2021). European technological sovereignty: an emerging framework for policy strategy. Intereconomics, 5 (6), 348-354. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-1013-6.
  • Csernatoni, R. (2021). The European Union rise as a defense technological power: from strategic autonomy to technological sovereignty. Brussels: Carnegie Europe Program. Disponible en: https://acortar.link/o4VgRt.
  • Danet, D. y Desforges, A. (2020). Digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy in Europe: From concept to geopolitical reality. Hérodote, 177-178 (2-3), 179-195. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3917/her.177.0179.
  • Daucé, F. y Musiani, F. (2021). Infrastructure-embedded control, circumvention and sovereignty in the Russian Internet: an introduction. First Monday, 26 (5). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i5.11685.
  • De Gregorio, G. (2022a). Digital constitutionalism across the Atlantic. Global Constitutionalism, 11 (2), 297-324. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381722000016.
  • De Gregorio, G. (2022b). Digital constitutionalism in Europe: reframing rights and powers in the algorithmic society. Oxford: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009071215.
  • De Gregorio, G. y Radu, R. (2022). Digital constitutionalism in the new era of Internet governance. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 30 (1), 68-87. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaac004.
  • Dinges, M. (coord.) (2021). 5G supply market trends. Brussels: European Commission. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/7mhq5.
  • Edler, J., Blind, K., Frietsch, R., Kimpeler, S., Kroll, H., Lerch, Ch., Reiss, T., Roth, F., Schubert, T., Schuler, J. y Walz, R. (2020). Technology sovereignty from demand to concept. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research. Franfurt: Fraunhofer Institute. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/45wmn.
  • Elms, D. (2021). Digital sovereignty: protectionism or autonomy. Berlin: Hinrich foundation. Disponible en: https://acortar.link/hsp6t1.
  • Erlenbusch. V. (2012). The concept of sovereignty in contemporary continental political philosophy. Philosophy Compass, 7 (6), 368-369. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00486.x.
  • Fabiano, N. (2020). Digital sovereignty between «Accountability» and the value of personal data. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5 (3), 270-274. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050335.
  • Flonk, D., Jachtenfuchs, M. y Obendiek, A. (2020). Authority conflicts in internet governance: liberals vs. sovereigntists? Global Constitutionalism, 9 (2), 364-386. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381720000167.
  • Floridi, L. (2020). The fight for digital sovereignty: what It is, and why it matters, especially for the European Union. Philosophy and Technology, 33, 369-378. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00423-6.
  • Fuertes, M. (2020-2021). Soberanía digital europea. El Cronista del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho, 90-91, 56-71.
  • Fuertes, M. (2022). Metamorfosis del Estado. Maremoto digital y ciberseguridad. Madrid: Marcial Pons. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2zp4wbb.
  • Gábriš, T. y Hamuľák, O. (2021). 5G and digital sovereignty of the European Union: the Slovak way. TalTesch Journal of European Studies Tallinn University of Technology, 11 (2), 25-47. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0013.
  • German European Union Council Presidency (2020). Digital sovereignty. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/tz361.
  • Gourley, S. K. (2013). Conflict and cooperation in cyberspace. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Gravett, W. H. (2022). Digital neocolonialism: the Chinese surveillance state in Africa. African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 30 (1), 39-58. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2022.0393.
  • Habermas, J. (1999). La inclusión del otro. Barcelona: Paidós.
  • Heller, H. (1971). Teoría del Estado. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
  • Hobbs, C. (2020). Europe’s digital sovereignty: from rulemaker to superpower in the age of United States-China rivalry. Madrid: Telefónica, European Council on Foreign Relations. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/iqkda.
  • Ilves, L. y Osula, A. M. (2020). The technological sovereignty dilemma –and how new technology can offer a way out. European Cybersecurity Journal, 6 (1), 24-35. Disponible en: bit.ly/3NhbVY7.
  • Innerarity, D. (2021). European digital sovereignty. Florencia: Instituto Universitario Europeo. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/fv1i5.
  • Irion, K., Burri, M., Kolk, A. y Milan, S. (2021). Governing «European values» inside data flows: interdisciplinary perspectives. Internet Policy Review. Journal on Internet Regulation, 10 (3). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14763/2021.3.1582.
  • Kaloudis, M. (2021). Digital sovereignty-European Union’s action plan needs a common understanding to succeed. History Compass, 8. Disponible en: https:// doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12698.
  • Keller, K. J. (2021). In defense of pure sovereignty in cyberspace. International Law Studies, 97, 1431-1499. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/y1p8t.
  • Khawly, N., Arias-Oliva, M. y De Andrés, J. (2021). Technology and geoeconomics: emerging conflicts in the digital world. En J. Pelegrín Borondo (coord.). Moving technology ethics at the forefront of society, organisations and governments (pp. 1-568). Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/kkfi7.
  • Kyris, G. (2022). State recognition and dynamic sovereignty. European Journal of International Relations, 28 (2), 287-311. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221077441. Madiega, T. (2020). Digital sovereignty for Europe. Bruselas: European Parliament Research Service. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/1elfh.
  • Mainwaring, S. (2020). Always in control? Sovereign states in cyberspace. European Journal of International Security, 5 (2), 215-232. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2020.4.
  • Marelli, M. (2022). The solarwinds hack: Lessons for international humanitarian organizations. International Review of the Red Cross, 104 (919), 1267-1284. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383122000194.
  • Marochkin, S. y Bezborodov, Y. (2022). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Exploring new horizons. London: Routledge. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003170617.
  • Miró, J. (2022). Responding to the global disorder: the European Union quest for open strategic autonomy. Global Society, 1-21. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2022.2110042.
  • Moerel, L. y Timmers, P. (2021). Reflections on digital sovereignty. Brussels: European Union Cyber Direct. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/c7aft.
  • Mueller, M. L. (2020). Against sovereignty in cyberspace. International Studies Review, 22 (4), 779-801. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz044.
  • Obendiek, A. S. (2021). Take back control? Digital sovereignty and a vision for Europe. Berlin: Hertie School. Jacques Delors Center. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/0nhte. Paris, R. (2022). European populism and the return of «illiberal sovereignty»: a case-study of Hungary. International Affairs, 98 (2) 529-547. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac004.
  • Pastor Ridruejo, J. A. (1998). Le droit international à la veille du vingt et unième siècle: normes, faits et valeurs. Cours général de Droit International Public. Recueil de Cours. La Haye: Académie de droit international de La Haye. Tomo 370.
  • Pohle, J. (2020). Digital sovereignty. A new key concept of digital policy in Germany and Europe. Berlín: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Disponible en: https://acortar.link/90620P.
  • Pohle, J. y Thiel, T. (2020). Digital sovereignty. Internet Policy Review, 9 (4). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1532.
  • Posch, R. (2015). Digital sovereignty and IT-Security for a prosperous society. En H. Werthner y F. van Harmelen (eds.). Informatics in the future. Proceedings of the 11th European Computer Science Summit 2015 (Viena, 12-14, october, 2015) (pp. 77-86). Berlin: Springer. Disponible en: https://xurl.es/5r3i2.
  • Prokscha, A. (2021). Digital sovereignty for the European Union: analysing frames and claims for digital sovereignty in the European Union’s digital strategy. Maastricht: University of Maastrich. Disponible en: https://acortar.link/is1Ovs.
  • Roberts, H., Cowls, J., Casolari, F., Morley, J., Taddeo, M. y Floridi, L. (2021). Safeguarding European values with digital sovereignty: an analysis of statements and policies. Internet Policy Review, 10 (3). Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.14763/2021.3.1575.
  • Ruohonen, J. (2021). The treachery of images in the digital sovereignty debate. Minds and machines, 31, 1-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-021- 09566-7.
  • Sheikh, H. (2022). European digital sovereignty: a layered approach. Digital Society, 1, 1-25. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-022-00025-z.
  • Siebert, Z. (2021). Digital sovereignty: The European Union in a contest for influence and leadership. Berlin: The Green Political Foundation. Disponible en: https:// xurl.es/pn060.
  • Srivastava, S. (2022). Corporate sovereign awakening and the making of modern state sovereignty: new archival evidence from the English East India Company. International Organization, 76 (3), 690-712. Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1017/S002081832200008X.
  • Sur, S. (2012). La créativité du Droit International. Cours Général de Droit International Public. Recueil de Cours. La Haye: Académie de droit international de La Haye. Tomo 362.
  • Timmers, P. (2020). There will be no global 6G unless we resolve sovereignty concerns in 5G governance. Nature Electronics, 3, 10-12: Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1038/s41928-020-0366-3.
  • Tomuschat, Ch. (1999). International Law: ensuring the survival of mankind on the eve of a new century. General Course on Public International Law. Recueil de Cours. La Haye: Académie de droit international de La Haye. Tomo 281.
  • Verellen, T. (2020). European sovereignty now? A reflection on what it means to speak of European sovereignty. European Papers, 5 (1) 307-318. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15166/2499-8249/383.
  • Vet, F. van der (2021). Spies, lies, trials, and trolls: political lawyering against disinformation andsState surveillance in Russia. Law & Social Inquiry, 46 (2) 407-434. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.36.
  • Walker, N. (2020). The sovereignty surplus. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 18 (2), 370-428. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa051.
  • Werner, W. G. y De Wilde, J. H. (2001). The endurance of sovereignty. European Journal of International Relations, 7 (3), 283-313. Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1177/1354066101007003001.
  • Yakovleva, S. (2022). Digital sovereignty, new European data rules, and the future of free data flows. Legal Issues of Economic Integration, 49 (4), 339-348. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.54648/LEIE2022016.
  • Zalnieriute, M. (2022). Big brother watch and others vs. The United Kingdom. American Journal of International Law, 116 (3), 585-592. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2022.35.
  • Zeng, J., Stevens, T. y Chen, Y. (2017). China’s solution to global cyber governance: Unpacking the domestic discourse of «Internet sovereignty». Politics and Policy, 45 (3), 435-443. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.