Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior. Nuevas opciones de tratamiento mediante ingeniería de tejidos

Resumo

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common cause of injury in young population. Being an intraarticular structure, the ACL does not heal in a similar manner to other extra-articular ligaments, so the break between the two ends of the injured ACL is not filed with the fibrin clot that appears in the early stages of healing. The ACL tear involves the occurrence of knee instability, meniscal injury and early onset of osteoarthritis. Surgical treatment by anatomic reconstruction with grafts is an effective technique but has not proven to prevent the onset of early osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering contributes to the development of new treatment techniques based on cell therapy, gene therapy, use of growth factors and scaffolds to try to get an ACL healed without the disadvantages of the use of grafts. The use of a collagen matrix impregnated with PRP associating direct suture of the ACL has demonstrated a good functional outcome with a lower rate of presence of osteoarthritis at one year of follow-up. This review is perfomed by a literature research with the keywords in pubmed taking the most recent articules. The aim is to highlight the new treatment options for lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament using tissue engineering.