Iberulitos: partículas atmosféricas "gigantes" potencialmente inhalables

  1. Párraga Martínez, Jesús Francisco
  2. Delgado Calvo-Flores, Gabriel
  3. Martín García, Juan Manuel
  4. Delgado Calvo-Flores, Rafael
Revista:
Actualidad médica

ISSN: 0365-7965

Ano de publicación: 2013

Tomo: 98

Número: 789

Páxinas: 86-91

Tipo: Artigo

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Outras publicacións en: Actualidad médica

Resumo

Objectives: To analyze the sedimentable atmospheric particulate matter and �Iberulites� (a giant aggregate particle always found in the PMS, with atmospheric genesis and inhalable) during the summer months of 2010, in which there were 14 African dust events at Granada city. Methods: The sedimentable particles were sampled in regime of �dry deposition�. Iberulites were isolated from sedimentable particles in the field of a stereomicroscope with the aid of a needle. The particle size was determined by laser, the mineralogical composition with X-ray diffraction and the morphology and the elemental composition with scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis coupled. Results: The average rate of deposition of sedimentable particles was 57 mg m -2 day -1 . The 84% (by volume) of the sedimentable particles has a size between 6 and 125 ?m with a 16% of particles <10 ?m, 4.1 % <2.5 ?m and 1.5 % <1 ?m. In all the samples of sedimentable particles, Iberulites were found in a percentage of 3.3 ± 2.5. Iberulites are spherical in shape and its color is reddish. The average diameter of Iberulites is 87.9 ± 27.6 ?m, its constituent particles are between 0.5 and 7 ?m. The mineralogical composition of the sedimentable particles is a mix of dolomite, calcite, quartz, phyllosilicates, feldspar, gypsum, halite and hematite. The mineralogical composition of Iberulites differs from the total sedimentable particles. In the sedimentable particles, fibers, pollen and dust mites have been detected. In Iberulites we observed biological particles like remains of diatoms, marine nanoplankton, bacteria, brochosomes and it is possible that there is virus. Conclusions: The sedimentable particles come from local and African soils. Iberulites are generated in the atmosphere from mineral and biological particles coming from African soils. The existence of biological material transported from Africa makes Iberulites as potential vectors of pathogens and allergens.

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