Estudio del tratamiento quirúrgico mediante cierre precoz de ileostomia en cáncer de recto: impacto en la calidad de vida, descenso de morbimortalidad y gasto sanitario

Abstract

Introduction: Patients undergoing rectal surgery with low anastomosis and carrying ileostomy protection, can see extended the interval between placing the stoma and the reconstructive surgery, sometimes during months, while the adjuvant treatment is being developed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on the Quality of Life, changes in morbidity and mortality and health costs before the closure of the ileostomy prior to the adjuvant treatment. Material and methods: Retrospective study. 55 patients underwent closure of the ileostomy between January 2012 and December 2013 were studied. The sample consisted on 41 (74.54%) men and 14 (25.45%) women. In 27 Patients the closure of the ileostomy was performed in 1 year from its creation and in 28 patients was closed in one month. Morbidity and mortality, medical cost and Quality of Life were analyzed. Results: The average age was 63.83 years. Patients with early closure of ileostomy had a mean hospital stay lower, 11.87 days compared to patients with annual closure, 14.96 days, and so descending health costs. 18, 33% of patients with early closure of ileostomy presented postoperative ileus against the 65.3% of late closure. Quality of Life in Patients with early closure has been assessed 61, 2% compared to 33.44% in patients with late closure. Conclusions: Performing protection ileostomy in low rectal anastomosis has proven to be a preventive effective measure in reducing morbidity and mortality dehiscence. Early closure of the ileostomy reduces postoperative ileus, the average of hospital stay, and improves quality of life and health costs.