Indicadores técnico-tácticos desde iniciación al alto rendimiento en voleibol femenino

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sport performance is the result of the interaction of various game elements and factors that affect the game and vary according to the players' ages. The aim of this research was to determine the performance profile of the technical actions in female volleyball, from the U14 division to the international senior division, in the entire game sequence: serve, serve reception, set, attack, block, and floor defense. The sample of the study was composed of 51720 game actions of 187 sets from 48 matches of the 2005-2006 season. The matches of all divisions corresponded to games of the four best teams of every female division: U14, U16, U18, 2nd senior division, 1st senior division, and international senior division. The design of the studies was a descriptive, specific, nomothetic, inter- and intra-group correlational type. The study's variables were: team data (competition division), technical (how the actions were done), contextual (zone and positions) and efficacy (the effect it made on the play). The results showed that at higher divisions, a greater number of complex and risky serves were used. Serve reception performance increased significantly at higher divisions, resulting in the serve action having less affect in the game. The higher the level of competition, the greater the use of the jump-set and the greater the efficacy of setting in general. Likewise, at higher levels of competition, the attack in the side-out phase has greater efficacy, with quicker attacks and greater distribution to spiking zones. The block in the side-out phase is more effective in higher divisions, and there are more blocks that contact the ball in senior divisions than in youth divisions. The floor defense in the side-out phase is more effective in youth divisions than in the senior divisions. Regarding the level of maturity, at a higher age, there is an improvement in the actions that depend on anthropometric and physical conditioning factors (jump serve, jump set, power attack, and block) as well as those that depend on cognitive factors (reception and floor defense). Within the senior divisions, differences come from accumulated experience and higher physical conditioning. The results can assist coaches in the process of player development.