Effects of a 4-week multicomponent exercise program (Vivifrail) on physical frailty and functional disability in older adults living in nursing homes

  1. Buendía Romero, Ángel 1
  2. Silverio, García-Conesa 1
  3. Pallarés, Jesús G. 1
  4. Courel-Ibáñez, Javier 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

Revista:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423,  1989-5879

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 20

Número: 3

Páginas: 74-81

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/CPD.420291 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Resumen

En este estudio se determinaron los efectos de un programa de ejercicio multicomponente individualizado de 4 semanas (Vivifrail) sobre la fragilidad física y la discapacidad funcional en adultos mayores que viven en hogares de ancianos. Catorce personas institucionalizadas (edad 81,7 ± 9,7 años) se ofrecieron voluntarios para completar 4 semanas del programa de ejercicio individualizado Vivifrail (5 días a la semana) de acuerdo con su nivel inicial: A, discapacidad; B, fragilidad; C, pre-fragilidad y D, robusto. Los entrenamientos fueron dirigidos por educadores físico-deportivos titulados. Once participantes completaron las 4 semanas con niveles muy altos de asistencia (96%). La capacidad funcional (puntuación del SPPB) mejoró en todos los participantes (+46,6%, p < 0,001, ES = 0,79) y tests: levantarse de la silla (45,6% faster, p = 0,003, ES = 1,43), velocidad de marcha 4 m (19,3% faster, p = 0,033, ES = 0,38) y test Timed Up-and-Go (23,2% faster, p = 0,004, ES = 0,35). La discapacidad y sarcopenia disminuyeron significativamente (SARC-F, p = 0,026, ES = 0,59; Lawton index, p = 0,013, ES = 0,87). Las personas que empezaron con niveles de discapacidad (A), fragilidad (B) y pre-fragilidad (C) mostraron mejores resultados. Seis de los nueve participantes que comenzaron con fragilidad física o pre-fragilidad (66,7%) revirtieron esta condición tras la intervención. Además, el 33% de los participantes que fueron incapaces de realizar las pruebas funcionales (sentarse, levantase y caminar) al inicio, pudieron completarlas tras la intervención. Estos importantes beneficios en tan poco tiempo (4 semanas) podrían estar relacionados con tres elementos clave: individualización del programa, frecuencia diaria y motivación del entrenamiento dirigido.

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Información de financiación

This study was funded by the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, Regional Program for the Promotion of Scientific and Technical Research (Action Plan 2018), Seneca Foundation-Agency of Science and Technology, Region of Murcia (ID: 20872/PI/18).

Financiadores

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet