Efectos del ayuno intermitente sobre el rendimiento y la composición corporal de los deportistas. Revisión sistemática

  1. Tejada-Medina, Virginia 1
  2. Domínguez Ramírez, Daniel 1
  3. Martín-Moya, Ricardo 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada, España.
Revista:
Sport TK: revista euroamericana de ciencias del deporte

ISSN: 2340-8812,  2254-4070

Año de publicación: 2023

Número: 12

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/SPORTK.568341 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Otras publicaciones en: Sport TK: revista euroamericana de ciencias del deporte

Resumen

La práctica del ayuno intermitente es una temática actual que en los últimos años se está haciendo hueco en el panorama dietético. El propósito de esta revisión bibliográfica fue analizar los efectos del ayuno intermitente junto con la práctica de actividad física, sobre el rendimiento y la composición corporal de los deportistas. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, a partir de los descriptores «intermittent fasting» y «intermittent dietary intake». De los 246 resultados obtenidos inicialmente, 20 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados para este estudio. Los artículos analizados se centran principalmente en la realización de ayuno intermitente y ejercicio físico, para la mejora del rendimiento y la composición corporal. Tras el análisis, encontramos hallazgos coincidentes con la literatura nacional e internacional respecto a los beneficios de la práctica del ayuno intermitente. En conclusión, el ayuno intermitente junto con la práctica de actividad física, favorece la pérdida de masa grasa y, por consiguiente, del peso corporal, además de favorecer una mejora de los biomarcadores relacionados con la salud. No obstante, toda la literatura científica revisada, sugiere la necesidad de llevar a cabo más estudios para reforzar estas conclusiones.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aloüi, A., Driss, T., Bakloüti, H., Jaafar, H., Hammouda, O., Chamari, K., y Souissi, N. (2018). Repeated-sprint training in the fasted state during Ramadan: Morning or evening training? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(7–8), 990–997. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07090-6
  • Anton, S. D., Moehl, K., Donahoo, W. T., Marosi, K., Lee, S. A., Mainous, A. G., … Mattson, M. P. (2018). Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting. Obesity. Blackwell Publishing Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22065
  • Aziz, A. R., Che Muhamed, A. M., Ooi, C. H., Singh, R., y Chia, M. Y. H. (2018). Effects of Ramadan fasting on the physical activity profile of trained Muslim soccer players during a 90-minute match. Science and Medicine in Football, 2(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2017.1393550
  • Baklouti, H., Rejeb, N., Aloui, A., Jaafar, H., Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., … Souissi, N. (2017). Short versus long small-sided game training during Ramadan in soccer players. Physical Therapy in Sport, 24, 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.10.002
  • Basilio, P. G., Oliveira, A., Castro, A., Carvalho, M. R., Zagatto, A. M., Martinez, P. F., … Oliveira-Junior, S. A. (2020). Dieta Intermitente Atenua a Remodelação Cardíaca Causada pelo Exercício Físico. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 115(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190349
  • Billat, V. (2002). Fisiología y metodología del entrenamiento. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.
  • Bizkarra Maiztegi, K. (2010). El poder curativo del ayuno: recuperando un camino olvidado hacia la salud (4a Ed.). Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.
  • Brady, A. J., Langton, H. M., Mulligan, M., y Egan, B. (2021). Effects of 8 wk of 16:8 Time-restricted Eating in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(3), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002488
  • Brini, S., Marzouki, H., Ouerghi, N., Ouergui, I., Castagna, C., y Bouassida, A. (2019). Effects of Ramadan observance combined with two training programs on plasma lipids and testosterone/cortisol ratio in male senior basketball players. Medicina Dello Sport, 72(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0025-7826.18.03407-5
  • Carvalho, M. R., Mendonça, M. L. M., Oliveira, J. M. L., Romanenghi, R. B., Morais, C. S., Ota, G. E., … Martínez, P. F. (2021). Influence of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on myocardium apoptosis pathway and cardiac morphology of healthy rats. Life Sciences, 264(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118697
  • Chamari, K., Briki, W., Farooq, A., Patrick, T., Belfekih, T., y Herrera, C. P. (2016). Impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive function in trained cyclists: A pilot study. Biology of Sport, 33(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1185888
  • Cho, Y., Hong, N., Kim, K., Cho, S., Lee, M., Lee, Y., … Lee, B. (2019). The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(10), 1645. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101645
  • de Cabo, R., y Mattson, M. P. (2019). Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541–2551. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1905136
  • de Moraes, R. C. M., Portari, G. V., Ferraz, A. S. M., da Silva, T. E. O., y Marocolo, M. (2017). Effects of intermittent fasting and chronic swimming exercise on body composition and lipid metabolism. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 42(12), 1341–1346. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0435
  • di Francesco, A., di Germanio, C., Bernier, M., y de Cabo, R. (2018). A time to fast. Science, 362(6416), 770–775. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2095
  • Fekih, S., Zguira, M. S., Koubaa, A., Masmoudi, L., Bragazzi, N. L., y Jarraya, M. (2020). Effects of motor mental imagery training on tennis service performance during the ramadan fasting: A randomized, controlled trial. Nutrients, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041035
  • Fenneni, M. A., Latiri, I., Aloui, A., Rouatbi, S., Chamari, K., y Saad, H. Ben. (2017). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on North African children’s heart rate & oxy-haemoglobin saturation at rest & during sub-maximal exercise. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 28(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2016-078
  • Figueroa-García, M., Rivera-Valencia, M., Sosa-Duran, E., Saavedra-Molina, F., Mejía-Zepeda, R., y Figueroa-García, M. (2016). Perfil glicémico durante el ayuno en ratas macho Wistar con diabetes tipo 2. Revista Hospitalaria Jua México, 83(1, 2), 23–30.
  • González Jiménez, E. (2013). Composición corporal: Estudio y utilidad clínica. Endocrinologia y Nutricion, 60(2), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2012.04.003
  • Harris, L., Hamilton, S., Azevedo, L. B., Olajide, J., De Brún, C., Waller, G., … Ells, L. (2018). Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 16(2), 507–547. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248
  • Hernández-Gallardo, D., Arencibia-Moreno, R., Linares Girela, D., Medranda-Rojas, J. L., Castillejo-Olán, R., y Linares-Manrique, M. (2020). Influencia del estado nutricional sobre parámetros fisiológicos de rendimiento físico en adolescentes futbolistas, Ecuador. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 12(1), 80–93.
  • Hottenrott, K., Werner, T., Hottenrott, L., Meyer, T. P., y Vormann, J. (2020). Exercise training, intermittent fasting and alkaline supplementation as an effective strategy for body weight loss: A 12-week placebo-controlled double-blind intervention with overweight subjects. Life, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/life10050074
  • Martin, D., Carl, K., y Lehnertz, K. (2007). Manual De Metodología Del Entrenamiento Deportivo. Barcelona: Editorial Paidotribo.
  • Martínez-Rodríguez, A., Rubio-Arias, J. A., García-De Frutos, J. M., Vicente-Martínez, M., y Gunnarsson, T. P. (2021). Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Active Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18126431
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Altman, D., Antes, G., … Tugwell, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
  • Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Bianco, A., Marcolin, G., Pacelli, Q. F., Battaglia, G., … Paoli, A. (2016). Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. Journal of Translational Medicine, 14(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0
  • Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Longo, G., Grigoletto, D., Bianco, A., Ferraris, C., … Paoli, A. (2020). Time-restricted eating effects on performance, immune function, and body composition in elite cyclists: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00396-z
  • Pak, İ. E., Cuğ, M., Volpe, S. L., y Beaven, C. M. (2020). The effect of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on kicking performance in competitive Taekwondo athletes during Ramadan. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(7), 795–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1735033
  • Patterson, R. E., Laughlin, G. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Hartman, S. J., Natarajan, L., Senger, C. M., … Gallo, L. C. (2015). Intermittent Fasting and Human Metabolic Health. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(8), 1203–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.018
  • Pinckaers, P. J. M., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Bailey, D., y van Loon, L. J. C. (2017). Ketone Bodies and Exercise Performance: The Next Magic Bullet or Merely Hype? Sports Medicine, 47(3), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-016-0577-Y
  • Saz-Peiro, P. (2017). Ayuno intermitente. Medicina Naturista, 11(January), 100.
  • Seimon, R. V., Roekenes, J. A., Zibellini, J., Zhu, B., Gibson, A. A., Hills, A. P., … Sainsbury, A. (2015). Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 418(2), 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MCE.2015.09.014
  • Sierra-Ramirez, A., López-Aceituno, J. L., Costa-Machado, L. F., Plaza, A., Barradas, M., y Fernández-Marcos, P. J. (2020). Transient metabolic improvement in obese mice treated with navitoclax or dasatinib/quercetin. Aging, 12(12), 11337–11348. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103607
  • Stratton, M. T., Tinsley, G. M., Alesi, M. G., Hester, G. M., Olmos, A. A., Serafini, P. R., … Vandusseldorp, T. A. (2020). Four weeks of time-restricted feeding combined with resistance training does not differentially influence measures of body composition, muscle performance, resting energy expenditure, and blood biomarkers. Nutrients, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041126
  • Tinsley, G. M., Forsse, J. S., Butler, N. K., Paoli, A., Bane, A. A., La Bounty, P. M., … Grandjean, P. W. (2017). Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial†. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1223173
  • Tinsley, G. M., y La Bounty, P. M. (2015). Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutrition Reviews, 73(10), 661–674. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv041
  • Tinsley, G. M., Moore, M. L., Graybeal, A. J., Paoli, A., Kim, Y., Gonzales, J. U., … Cruz, M. R. (2019). Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: A randomized trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 110(3), 628–640. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz126
  • Welton, S., Minty, R., O’Driscoll, T., Willms, H., Poirier, D., Madden, S., y Kelly, L. (2020). Intermittent fasting and weight loss Systematic review. Canadian Family Physician, 66(2), 117–125. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7021351/
  • Wilson, R. A., Deasy, W., Stathis, C. G., Hayes, A., y Cooke, M. B. (2018). Intermittent fasting with or without exercise prevents weight gain and improves lipids in diet-induced obese mice. Nutrients, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030346
  • Zarrouk, N., Hammouda, O., Latiri, I., Adala, H., Bouhlel, E., Rebai, H., y Dogui, M. (2016). Ramadan fasting does not adversely affect neuromuscular performances and reaction times in trained karate athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12970-016-0130-2
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet