Presión sociocultural hacia los ideales corporales en la ansiedad físico-social en preadolescentesun estudio longitudinal

  1. Antonio Granero-Gallegos 1
  2. Álvaro Sicilia 1
  3. Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez 1
  4. Jesús Medina-Casaubón 2
  5. Isabel Sánchez Gallardo
  1. 1 Universidad de Almería
    info

    Universidad de Almería

    Almería, España

    ROR https://ror.org/003d3xx08

  2. 2 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

Revista:
Psychology, Society & Education

ISSN: 1989-709X,  2171-2085

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 15

Número: 2

Páginas: 10-18

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.21071/PSE.V15I2.16129 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psychology, Society & Education

Resumen

La respuesta afectiva aversiva derivada de considerar que el propio cuerpo podría está siendo negativamente evaluado (i. e., la ansiedad físico-social) se considera un importante antecedente de diversas consecuencias de salud. No obstante, la conexión entre las presiones socioculturales que orientan hacia los ideales corporales occidentales preponderantes y la ansiedad físico-social permanece hasta la fecha inexplorada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos de la presión sociocultural hacia los ideales de cuerpo delgado y cuerpo mesomórfico percibida desde tres fuentes (i.e., medios de comunicación, familia e iguales) sobre la ansiedad físico-social en una muestra de preadolescentes. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal y una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Participaron 651 estudiantes (50.4% chicas) de 12 centros educativos. Se recabaron datos de tipo autoinformado en dos ocasiones separadas por un periodo de doce meses, coincidiendo con los cursos 6º de primaria y 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Se testaron diferentes modelos de regresión multinivel (Modelos Lineales de Regresión Mixta). Los resultados mostraron un patrón de inf luencia diferenciado en función del sexo. La percepción de presión hacia el ideal de cuerpo mesomórfico originada en los medios de comunicación explicaba la ansiedad físico-social en chicos, ocurriendo lo propio en el caso de la percepción de presión hacia el ideal de cuerpo delgado originada en la familia en chicas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las medidas encaminadas a prevenir la aparición de la ansiedad físico-social en preadolescentes podrían beneficiarse de adoptar una perspectiva diferenciada en función del sexo de las personas destinatarias.

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